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水生动物疫苗浸泡免疫策略优化的研究现状
姚海静, 韩高尚, 高迎莉
江苏海洋大学
摘要:
疫苗(Vaccine)是一种能针对特定疾病并改善受免者免疫力的生物制剂,其通过刺激机体免疫系统产生特异性免疫和非特异性免疫,从而提高受免对象的机体抗病能力,达到免疫保护的作用。正确的疫苗使用策略对于提高疫苗效果是十分重要的,浸泡免疫是鱼类等水生动物所独有的免疫接种方法,其简化了人工操作,减少了工作强度,降低了对鱼体的应激,刺激了鱼体的黏膜系统,并且可以在短时间内完成大量鱼体的免疫。本文将对水生动物黏膜免疫机制、水生动物疫苗免疫方式、浸泡免疫策略优化的方法、浸泡免疫面临的问题以及发展趋势等进行综述,以期为水生动物病害防治和机体免疫增强的研究提供新思路和新策略。
关键词:  水产动物  疫苗  浸泡免疫  策略优化
DOI:
分类号:Q
基金项目:
Current investigation status of immerison vaccination strategy optimization in aquatic animalsYAO Hai-Jing1, HAN Gao-Shang1, GAO Ying-Li1,2,3
Yao haijing, Han gaoshang, gao yingli
Jiangsu Ocean University
Abstract:
Vaccine is a biological preparation that can be against a specific disease and improve immunity by stimulating the immune system to produce specific immunity and non-specific immunity, thus it can improve the body’s resistance to disease and get immune protection. Correct vaccine use strategy is very important to improve the effect of vaccine, and immersion vaccination is a special immunization method for aquatic animals. Immersion vaccination simplifies the artificial operation, reduces the working intensity, decreases the stress of the fish body, stimulates the mucosal system of fish, and can be finished in a short time on a large number of fish. In this paper, the mechanisms of mucosal immunity of aquatic animals, the ways of vaccination, the optimization methods of immersion vaccination, the problems faced by immersion vaccination and the developmental trend were reviewed, expecting to provide new idea and new strategy for disease control and immunological enhancement in aquatic animals.
Key words:  aquatic animals  vaccine  immersion vaccination  strategy optimization
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