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捕食者不同目标策略下的鱼群结构变化仿真与研究
杨蒙召, 曹 奕, 袁红春, 史经伟
上海海洋大学
摘要:
在海洋生态环境中,食物链上层捕食者对下层鱼群的捕猎行为是普遍和壮观的,捕食者攻击的策略以及鱼群的防御机制都是值得研究的问题。本文构建了鱼群行为模型并对捕食者目标选择策略建模,三种策略分别是选择“最近”、“最中心”和“最外围”的个体。在虚拟环境中模拟单个捕食者攻击鱼群这一过程,对三种目标选择策略做比较分析,以鱼群结构变化程度的三个关键参数做评判标准。首先发现采用选择“最外围”个体的策略对于中等规模鱼群造成的结构变化程度最大,其次拓展到不同大小规模的鱼群,此策略仍是最有效的,其中小规模鱼群因应对风险能力低,无法体现策略的优劣,发现所有策略对其效果都是相当的。
关键词:  目标选择  群体行为  人工鱼群
DOI:
分类号:TP391.9
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No.41776142)
Simulation and research on fish structure change under different target strategies of predators
Yang Meng-zhao, Cao Yi, Yuan Hong-chun, Shi Jing-wei
Shanghai Ocean University
Abstract:
In the marine ecological environment, the hunting behavior of upper predators on lower fish schoals in the food chain is common and spectacular. The strategy of predator attack and the defense mechanism of fish schoals are worth studying. In this paper, the behavior model of fish schoals is constructed and the target selection strategy of predator is modeled. The three strategies are to select "nearest", "most central" and "most peripheral" individuals respectively. This paper simulates the process of a single predator attacking a fish schoal in a virtual environment, compares several target selection strategies that the predator may adopt, and uses the changing degree of fish schoals’ structure as the evaluation standard. The typical Boid model is used as the behavior model of fish schoals. Under the conditions of different strategies adopted by the predator and different sizes and scales of fish school, the data of fish schoals’ structure are collected and compared. Firstly, it is found that the strategy of selecting the most peripheral individual results in the largest degree of structural change for medium-sized fish schoals. Secondly, it is still the most effective when extended to different sizes of fish schoals. Among them, small-scale fish schoals have low ability to deal with risks, Can't reflect the merits of the strategy, so all strategies have similar effects on them.
Key words:  target selection  collective motion  artificial fish
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