| 摘要: |
| 宏条形码分析（metabarcoding analysis）是通过对野外样本的分子标记（即条形码）进行PCR扩增、测序，并利用测序结果分析野外样本物种组成、物种相对丰度，及其时空动态变化。这项在近20年里逐步发展起来的分子技术，得益于DNA测序技术的快速发展，包括测序通量的提升和测序成本的降低，以及生物信息学分析方法的快速开发。基于可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units, OTUs）分析方法，特别是最近的扩增子序列变异子（amplicon sequence variants，ASVs）方法的开发，极大促进了宏条形码分析的应用。在世界及我国的海洋生态领域，宏条形码分析的应用还处于起步阶段。随着分析方法的日趋成熟，可适用于不同应用领域的分子标记不断增加，以及参考数据库的不断完善，宏条形码分析将释放出广阔的应用潜力。可以预期，宏条形码分析将在系统分析我国近岸海域有害藻华物种（及其他浮游生物物种）的组成和相对丰度中起关键作用，通过发现新物种，辨别隐存种，跟踪物种的生物地理学，进而帮助解析有害藻华暴发机理。 |
| 关键词: 有害藻华物种 分子标记 扩增子序列变异子 宏条形码分析 生物地理学 |
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| Metabarcoding analysis of harmful algal blooms: opportunities and challenges |
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CHEN, Nansheng
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Institute of Oceanology, CAS
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| Abstract: |
| Metabarcoding analysis is an emerging technology that studies species composition, relative abundance, and spatial- and temporal dynamics in field samples through PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. This technology benefitted from rapid progresses in DNA sequencing technologies, including explosive increase of throughput and dropping sequeincg costs, as well as swift development of bioinformatics tools. Bioinformatics analysis, first applying methods based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which is being replaced by methods based on amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), is greatly promoting metabarcoding analysis. Compared to research in marine ecology in other countries, research using metabarcoding analysis in China is still at its infancy. With the rapid development of relevant technologies, including the development of new molecular markers and the enrichness of reference databases, metabarcoding analysis hold grand promise in projects targeting harmful algal blooms (and other phytoplankton species) in China. We expect to uncover new species, identifying cryptic species, follow biogeographical patterns, and reveal mechanisms underlying harmful algal blooms. |
| Key words: Harmful algal bloom species molecular marker ASV metabarcoding analysis biogeography |