| 摘要: |
| 本文以黄河口现行清水沟流路范围渔洼以下河段的加测横断面为研究对象，识别了典型横断面的地貌特征，计算了横断面形态指标，并系统分析了主槽的形态特征及河床的悬河程度。结果表明：黄河口地貌的形成受自然演变和人类活动的影响，既有黄河下游典型河道的地貌特征，又具有海洋地貌特征。在有堤防河段，主槽形态窄深，过流能力较强，在无堤防河段，主槽形态宽浅，过流能力较差；从滩槽高差、唇滩高差、滩地横比降三个指标来看，无堤防河段的“自然悬河”程度大于有堤防河段的“二级悬河”程度。虽然黄河口的悬河程度弱于黄河下游大部分河段，但是黄河口尾闾河道的滩地横比降依然远大于河道纵比降，若发生漫滩洪水将极易引起顺堤行洪，会对黄河口堤防安全造成极大威胁。 |
| 关键词: 形态特征 地貌 清水沟流路 黄河口 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0405502）；黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项（HKY-JBYW-2019-03） |
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| Study on the geomorphology and morphological characteristics of the cross section of Qingshuigou flow path in the Yellow River Estuary |
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DU Xiao-kang1, Wang Kai-rong1, Pei Hong Yang2, Dou Shen-tang1, Bi Nai-shuang3, Zhang Xin1
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1.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research，YRCC;2.School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Xi’An University of Technology;3.College of Marine Geoscience, Ocean University of China
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the measured cross section of the river below Yuwa in the current Qingshuigou flow path of the Yellow Estuary. This stuty recognized the geomorphic features of the typical cross section, calculated the cross section morphological indicators, and systematically analyzed the morphological characteristics of the main channel and the degree of the perched river. Results showed that the geomorphological structure of the Yellow River estuary which affected by natural evolution and human activities not only has the riverine characteristics of the lower Yellow River, but also has the oceanic characteristics. In the reach with embankments, the main channel is narrow and deep in shape with strong flow capacity, while in the reach without embankments, the main channel is wide and shallow in shape with poor flow capacity. From three indexes of the elevation difference between beach and main river channel, the elevation difference between natural levee and beach, and the beach transverse slope, It can be seen that the degree of “natural perched river” in the reach without embankment is greater than the degree of “secondary perched river” in the reach with embankment. Although the degree of “perched river” at the mouth of the Yellow River is weaker than most of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the beach transverse slope is still much larger than the Longitudinal slope of the river at the Yellow River estuary. If flooding occurs, it will easily cause flood running along the embankment toe，posing a great threat to the securety of embankment in the Yellow River estuary. |
| Key words: morphological features geomorphology Qingshuigou flow path Yellow River estuary. |