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5种双壳贝类贝壳微观结构观察与成分分析
莫天宝,徐洪强,何京,董迎辉,林志华
1.上海海洋大学;2.宁海海洋生物种业研究院;3.浙江万里学院
摘要:
利用扫描电镜技术、X-射线粉末衍射技术和弱酸去钙法,对菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、缢蛏5种习见经济贝类贝壳的断面微观结构、物相组成、有机基质和蛋白质含量等进行了观察和分析。电镜观察结果显示,5种贝壳的微观结构主要包含棱柱层和珍珠层;棱柱层晶体结构有斜棱柱层、球棱柱层、棱柱层、均质层和交错板状层5种类型,其中缢蛏只有斜棱柱层,而泥蚶除球棱柱层外,其他4种晶体类型均存在,此复杂结构可能与其贝壳强度大有关;珍珠层晶体结构有珍珠层和肌棱柱层2种类型,其中厚壳贻贝的珍珠层呈典型的“砖-泥”结构,具有明显的层状结构,其余4种贝壳珍珠层均由不规则块状结构组成。X-射线衍射结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶4种贝壳都属于文石质壳体,无机相几乎由文石组成,而厚壳贻贝属于混合质壳体,无机相由文石和方解石组成;贝壳化学成分分析显示,5种贝壳有机基质含量均为3%左右,而总蛋白含量占有机基质的2.98~7.21%,其中可溶性蛋白是不可溶蛋白含量的5.55~20.31倍。本研究结果为贝壳形成机理的研究奠定了基础,也为贝壳相关经济性状的开发和利用积累了基础资料。
关键词:  贝壳  微观结构  有机质  扫描电镜  X-射线粉末衍射技术
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项课题(2018YFD0901405);国家自然科学基金(31772846);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项课题(2016C02055-9);国家海洋水产种质资源库项目
Microstructure and composition analysis of five kinds of economic bivalves
莫天宝1, xu hong qiang2, he jing2, dong ying hui3, lin zhi hua4
1.Shanghai Ocean University;2.Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry;3.Zhejiang Wanli University;4.Zhejiang Wanli University,Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry
Abstract:
Five popular species of bivalves, Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, Sinonovacula constricta, Tegillarca granosa, and Mytilus coruscus, living in east coast of China, were selected for their shell structure characteristics and chemical composition analyses by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and decalcifying in weak acid. Scanning electron microscope results showed that shells were consisted of prismatic layer and nacre layers. And the prismatic crystal structure included five types: fibrous prismatic layer, spherical prismatic layer, prismatic layer, homogeneous layer and crossed lamellar. Sinonovacula constricta had fibrous prismatic layer only, while Tegillarca granosa had all types except spherical prismatic layer. These differences might be related to shell crushing resistance. The nacre crystal structure contained nacreous and myostracum layer. The nacreous layer of Mytilus coruscus showed obvious layered structure that was a typical brick-mud structure, while the other four shells presented irregular blocky structure. The results by X-ray powder diffractometer showed two type of shells in the five mollusks, aragonite shells and calcite shells. The four kinds, R. philippinarum, M. meretrix, S. constricta, T. granosa inorganic phase is almost composed of aragonite, while M. coruscus inorganic phase was composed of aragonite and calcite. The content of organic matrix in five bivalves is about 3%, and the total protein content accounted for 2.98~7.21% of the organic matrix, among which the soluble protein content was 5.55~20.31 times that of insoluble protein. The information obtained from this study will be provided a reliable scientific basis for the biomineralization, development and utilization of shell-related economic characters.
Key words:  bivalves  shell  organic matter  SEM  XRD
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