| 摘要: |
| 本文利用2013年、2014年、2016年和2017年共计4个冬季航次(12月)的大型底栖动物底拖网资料,对渤海及北黄海海域大型底栖动物群落进行了研究。共采集到大型底栖动物182种,其中以棘皮动物的优势地位最显著,其次为小型甲壳动物。调查海域总平均丰度为3.69 ind./m2,总平均生物量为0.88 g/m2,其中均以棘皮动物占绝对优势。丰度和生物量在空间分布上存在差异,高值站位主要分布在渤海中部、渤海海峡以及北黄海海域。多样性指数的高值站位主要分布在渤海海峡和渤海中部海域。主要经济种(IRI>10)以日本褐虾Crangon hakodatei和日本鼓虾Alpheus japonicus等小型甲壳动物和扁玉螺Neverita didyma等软体动物为主。CLUSTER聚类分析和nMDS分析表明,调查海域大型底栖动物群落差异性较大,大致可分为4个以不同优势种为代表的地理动物区系,即辽东湾,渤海中南部(莱州湾,渤海湾和渤海中部),渤海海峡和北黄海。丰度/生物量曲线分析表明,冬季渤海及北黄海海域底栖动物群落已经受到中等及以上程度的扰动。与历史资料对比发现,渤海及北黄海大型底栖动物整体呈现小型化和低值化的趋势。 |
| 关键词: 渤海 北黄海 拖网 大型底栖动物 经济种 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q145 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号：XDA11020403、XDA11020702)、中国科学院重点部署项目(批准号：KZZD-EW-14)资助。 |
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| Community structure and species diversity of macrobenthos in the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea in winter |
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Yan Lang1, Jiang Shaoyu2, Liu Chunyun1, Zhang Jianshe1, Chen Linlin2, Li Baoqun2
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1.Zhejiang Ocean University,National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture;2.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Laboratory of Protection of Biological ResourcesSBiology in Coastal Waters
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| Abstract: |
| Four surveys were carried out by bottom trawl in winter (December) of 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017 to analyze the macrobenthos community in the Bohai Sea and the Northern Yellow Sea. A total of 182 species were identified. The echinoderms species were the dominant group, followed by small crustaceans species. The total average abundance and biomass were 3.69 ind./m2 and 0.88 g/m2, respectively, of which, the Echinoderms accounted for the highest abundance and biomass. The spatial distribution of abundance and biomass were mainly found in the central Bohai Sea, the Bohai Strait and the North Yellow Sea. The Bohai Strait and the central area of the Bohai Sea were also presented with the high value of the diversity indices. The economic species (IRI>10) are mainly composed of small crustaceans species, such as Crangon hakodatei and Alpheus japonicus, and molluscs species, such as Neverita didyma. CLUSTER and nMDS analysis showed that the macrobenthos community in Bohai sea were quite different, which can be roughly divided into 4 geographic fauna represented by different dominant species, namely, the Liaodong Bay, central and southern Bohai Sea (Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay and central Bohai Sea), Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. The abundance/biomass curves showed that the macrobenthos communities in the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea were suffered by moderate to high level disturbance. Compared with historical data, the macrobenthos species in the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea are becoming smaller in body size and lower in economic value. |
| Key words: the Bohai Sea the North Yellow Sea bottom trawl macrobenthos economic species |