| 摘要: |
| 我国西沙群岛的软体动物种类极为丰富，大多数属于和珊瑚礁有密切联系的热带种。其中有不少是可以利用的经济种，例如鲍鱼、马蹄螺、冠螺、宝贝、砗磲、砗蚝、珍珠贝等等。它们的肉可供食用，贝壳也可以作为贝雕面或其他艺术品的材料。但是以往除熊大仁有过一篇报道，共记载了40种以外，仅有一些零星记录，很少有人做过系统的调查研究。中国科学院海洋研究所西沙群岛调查队曾于1956-1958年三次到这些岛屿进行调查1)，获得了不少软体动物标本，本文即根据这些材料，先就其中的腹足类前鳃亚纲，进行整理鉴定写成。总共包括262种，分隶于43科，95属。此外还有一些种类，因标本少、不完整或因资料缺乏暂时未能鉴定，拟留待以后在专题研究中陆续补充。根据我们二十多年来在我国沿海搜集的大量软体动物资料，在名录中对每一种在我国沿海发现的分布点作了记录。
根据我国西沙群岛前鳃类的种类组成分析，它与邻近的马来半岛、菲律宾、印度尼西亚等地的区系性质较接近，同属于印度－西太平洋区的印度－马来亚区。就这些种类在我国沿海分布的情况而论，在262种中，有尖角马蹄螺(Trochus conus Gmelin)、坚星螺(Astralium petrosum Martyn)、带鬘螺(Phalium bandatum Gmelin)、华贵竖琴螺(Harpa nobilis R?ding)、黄斑笋螺(Terebra chlorata Lamarck)等44种仅见于我国西沙群岛；有耳鲍(Haliotis asinina Linnaeus)、大马蹄螺(Trochus niloticus maximus Philippi)、蜘蛛螺(Lambis lambis Linnaeus)、虎斑宝贝(Cypraea tigris Linnaeus)、延管螺(Magilus antiquus Montfort)、地纹芋螺(Conus geographus Linnaeus)等147种向北分布到海南岛；有带蝾螺(Turbo petholatus Linnaeus)、瘤平顶蜘蛛螺(Lambis truncata sebae Kiener)、龟甲贝(Chlypypraea testudinaria Linnaeus)、法螺(Charonia tritonis Linnaeus)、笔螺(Mitra mitra Linnaeus)等194种也分布到台湾省：有塔形扭柱螺(Tectus pyramis Born)、肋蜒螺(Nerita costata Gmelin)、梨形乳玉螺(Polynices pyriformis Recluz)、卵黄宝贝(Cypraeas vitellus Linnaeus)、彩榧螺(Oliva ispidula Linnaeus)、织锦芋螺(Conus textile Linnaeus)等33种分布到广西、广东沿岸；仅有中华楯?(Scutus sinensis Blaiville)、星状帽贝(Putella stellaeformis Reeve)、齿隐螺(Clanculus deuticulatus Gray)、渔舟蜒螺(Nerita albicilla Linnaeus)、中华蟹守螺(Cerithium sinense Gmelin)、阿拉伯绶贝(Mauritia arabica Linnaeus)、珠母核果螺(Drupa margariticola Broderip)等7种向北可分布到福建省沿海的东山和平潭附近。根据这个分布资料，可以看出我国西沙群岛前鳃类种类区系与台湾省和海南岛有极为密切的关系。 |
| 关键词: 西沙群岛 前鳃类 软体动物 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第341号 |
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| A Checklist of Prosobranchiate Gastropods from the Xisha Islands, Guangdong Province, China |
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TCHANG SI, Tsi Chung-yen, Ma Siu-tung, Lou Tze-kang
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| Several scientific investigations carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica during 1956-1958 on the Xisha Islands reveal that these islands harbor a rich molluscan fauna which is heretofore poorly investigated. A study of the prosobranchiate gastropoda yielded 262 species, belonging to 95 genera and 43 families. The majority of the species are tropical in nature. An analysis of the species composition of this molluscan fauna indicates that it is similar to that of its neighbouring regions, such as Malaya, Indonesia and the Philippines. It is characteristic of the tropical Indo-Malayan Subregion.
Based on materials collected along the Chinese coasts during the past 20 years or more, we are able to note the limits of distribution of each species listed in this paper. Of the 262 species, 44 species [e.g., Trochus conus Gmelin, Astralium petrosum Martyn, Phalium bandatum Gmelin, Harpa nobilis R?ding and Terebra chlorata Lamarck etc.] are found only in Xisha Islands; 147 species [e.g,Haliotis asinina Linnaeus， Trochus niloticus maximus (Philippi), Lambis lambis Linnaeus etc.] are found also in Hainan Island; 194 species [e.g., Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, Lambis truncata sebae (Kiener), Chlypypraea testudinaria(Linnaeus), Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus), Mitra mitra (Linnaeus) etc.] are also reported from Taiwan Province;33 species, [e.g., Tectus pyramis (Born), Nerita costata Gmelin, Polynices pyriformis(Recluz), Cypraea vitellus Linnaeus, Oliva ispidula Linnaeus, and Conus textile Linnaeus etc.] are found also in the coastal waters of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces ; Only 7 species viz. Scutus sinensis (Blaiville), Patella stellaeformis Reeve, Clanculus denticulatus Gray, Nerita albicilla (Linnaeus), Cerithium sinenes (Gmelin), Mauritia arabica(Linnaeus) and Drupa margariticola (Broderip) may be found as far north as Pingtan and Dongshan in Fujian Province. |
| Key words: Prosobranchiate Gastropods the Xisha Islands |
