| 摘要: |
| 鲍是一类经济价值很高的海产软软体动物,也是我国海产药用生物的重要种类之一。鲍的足部相当发达,占体重40%左右;堪称海味之冠。鲍売又名石决明,是我国医药史上应用很早的药品,具有平肝明目的显著功效。
杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)在我国广东、福建、台湾都有分布,但数量不大；福建沿海主要分布于东山和平潭两地,漳浦、龙海、晋江近海也有,数量亦很少。杂色鲍对栖息环境有一定的选择能力,一般栖息于低潮区至水深20米左右,潮流畅通、水色清晰、海藻繁茂的岩礁地带;有淡水注入、透明度低的河口或泥沙质底则不适于鲍的生长,因而鲍的分布比较集中于某些特殊海区。
由于鲍的经济价值高,产鲍国家十分重视研究鲍的增殖。在这方面,日本的有关工作者做了较多的工作,他们已由自然采捕发展到蓄养、移殖以至近10年来的人工控制采苗和重要种的养殖。日本的村山(1935)研究了Haliotis gigantean的早期幼体发育过程,猪野(1953)研究了H. discus和H. sieboldii的增殖生物学,大场(1964)报告了H.diversicolor supertexta 的增殖基础,同年菊地对皱纹盘鮑H. discus hannai 的生活史及幼鲍的饲养也进行了研究。
我国过去对鲍的研究做的较少,1958年,沿海产鮑区渔民和有关研究机构曾经开展过鲍的人工育苗、移殖以及人工养殖试验,为进一步开展鲍的养殖工作积累了宝贵的经验。无产阶级文化大革命以来,在毛主席的革命路线指引下,鲍的研究工作有了新的进展。1970年6月,在福建省商业局、水产局和东山县革命委员会的领导下,在东山县开展了杂色鲍人工育苗和养殖试验,于1971年首次在国内培育出杂色鲍苗;1972-1973年进一步探索了杂色鲍的繁殖规律、生态习性,同时对辽宁产的皱纹盘鲍进行了南移和人工育苗的研究。本文即是这些研究工作中的一部分,其它部分今后将陆续发表。 |
| 关键词: 杂色鲍 人工育苗 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第370号 |
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| A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ARTIFICIAL REARING OF THE LARVAE AND JUVENILE OF HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR REEVE |
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Chen Mu, Lu Haokui, Zhuang Qiqian, Gao Shangwu, Chen Shijie1, Chen Bingneng, Xie Kaien, and Wu Xiuyu2
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica;2.Fujian Institute of Fishery Science
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| Abstract: |
| The abalone Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is widely distributed along the coast of the southern East China Sea and the South China Sea.
Rearing experiments were made on specimens larger than 6 cm collected from the coast waters of Dongshan Dao, Fujian Province. In this region, during the period from May to August, with water temperature between 24-28°C, large quantities of this abalone at different stages of sexual development may be found. Its main spawning season is from mid May to late June at water temperature between 25°Cto26°C.
During the past three years we were suecessful in inducing spawning of sexually mature individuals under controlled temperature conditions. With an initial sea water temperature of 25.2°C, we gradually raised it to 28.7°C. Twenty minutes after we lowered the temperature of the water 2-3 degrees centigrade below the initial water temperature. Under such temperature conditions the sexually mature male individuals were observed to ejaculate and the female individuals to spawn. The fertilized eggs are spherical, with a diameter of 0.20 mm(ineluding egg membrane), the yolk measuring 0.16 mm.
The division of the egg is total, unequal and spiral. The sequence of the embryonic development of the zygote is summarized as follows:
During the veliger stage, at a mean temperature of 27°C, and with Platymonas elgolandaca var. tsingtaoensis as food, the shell increases about 15 μ each day. The shell of peristomal stage inereases about 50 μ each day,with the appearance of the first respiratory pore it inereases about 90 μ each day.
The food during the larval stage consists of Platymonas,Navicula,Coconeis etc.,The juvenile with a length of 4-5 mm is able to eat the common algae. |
| Key words: Haliotis diversicolor Reeve artificial rearing |
