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| 渤海风暴潮的初步探讨 |
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刘凤树1, 王喜年2
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所;2.国家海洋局水文气象预报总台
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| 摘要: |
| 根据山东渤海沿岸各县县志记载的不完全统计,自汉朝初元(公元前48年)至民国27年(公元1938),渤海南部沿海发生的特大潮灾有79次之多(见表1)。其中特大潮灾如唐朝高宗上元三年(公元676年)八月,“青州大风,海溢,漂民五千余家,齐淄等七州大水”;明朝万历四十一年(公元1613年)七月,“海水溢逾百余里,坏民舍无算”。再如1938年8月31日,台风由青岛登陆,横断山东半岛西部(见图1),晚间抵达黄河口,逐渐停滯减弱,变成一个低气压。这次台风不仅在青岛造成严重灾情,整个渤海沿岸都深受其害,并且出现了历史最高水位。解放后,渤海又多次受到强风暴潮的危害。历史资料表明,渤海的菜州湾和渤海湾地区是风暴潮的多发区和严重区,这种潮灾大都出现于春秋过渡季节和盛夏台风频繁活动季节。
近几年来,国内对渤海局部地区风暴潮的研究已有许多论述,但大都是对冷锋所导致的单站风暴潮的研究,对台风潮的研究则较少。本文试图对冷锋和台风两种灾害性天气所导致的整个渤海风暴潮的一些现象作一较全面的讨论,并对其一些基本特性作一理论分析。 |
| 关键词: 风暴潮 渤海 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第818号 |
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| PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE STORM SURGES IN THE BOHAI SEA |
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Liu Fengshu1, Wang Xinian2
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica;2.Marine Forecasting Centre, National Bureau of Oceanography
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| Abstract: |
| The characteristics of the typical processes of the extratropical storm surges and the 18 processes of the typhoon surges during the years from 1949 to 1974 are analysed in this paper, Some characteristics of typhoon surges along the different tracks of typhoon in the Bohai Sea are described. The seiche, the waves and tide-surge interaction are also discussed.
The storm surges in Bohai Sea are studied using the fundamental hydrodynamic linearized equation of motion, together with the equation of continuity and the viscous boundary conditions along the closed boundary (coast).An approximate solution was obtained by Laplace and finite cosine transforms and calculu of variations. A process of Typhoon is computed. Theoretical results correspond generally with observations. |
| Key words: STORM SURGES BOHAI SEA |
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