| 摘要: |
| 河口及其邻近水域是海水和淡水的交汇区，环境因子变化很大，其底栖动物的种类组成及数量分布受海水温、盐度剧烈变化和沉积物颗粒组成及其沉积速率的影响很大。底栖动物数量的季节变化不仅反映其本身繁殖、生长、死亡的规律，也受某些经济鱼、虾类捕食和人类采捕等因素所制约。
黄河是世界上平均含沙量最高的河流，每年输送近12亿吨泥沙至河口区，其中约有三分之二沉积于三角洲。洪汛期入海泥沙的较细部分在潮流和余流作用下，向东北可输送至河北省南部沿岸，向南可达小清河口一带。(张义丰、李凤新，1983)黄河口属于弱潮多沙、摆动频繁的堆积型陆相河口，平均每年造陆23.6k㎡，海岸线平均每年推进0.185km,最大年份可达1.8km(张义丰，1983)。
黄河口区水文条件复杂，冬季结冰，夏季高温期较长，加之随径流输入的营养盐类极为丰富，适于动、植物繁殖生长。所以，黄河口及其邻近水域是许多经济鱼、虾类特别是对虾、毛虾、带鱼和小黄鱼的重要产卵、育幼和索饵场所，它们多以底栖动物为食。因此，调查研究这一水域底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布及变化程点，对海洋生物(渔业)资源的合理开发利用和增、养殖等都有很大意义。山东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查中，自1984年4月至11月逐月对黄河口及其邻近水域进行8个航次底栖生物调查，北起套尔河口南至小清河口水域共设44个观测取样站(图1)，用海底表层取样器进行定量取样。根据定量资料，对底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布及季节变化等特点进行比较分析，现将研究结果报告如下。 |
| 关键词: 黄河口、底栖动物、生态特点 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1497号 |
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| ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROBENTHOS OF THE HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATERS |
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Sun Daoyuan, Tang Zhican
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| This paper presents the results of ecological study of the macrobenthic fauna in the Huanghe River estuary and adjacent waters. The materials for study were collected during eight cruises in April-November 1984. The species composition and distribution of biomass and density was described and discussed.
Relative abundance of Echinodermata is higher in area northern to the river mouth, but that of Mollusca is higher in the southern area. Polychaeta was found everywhere in the explored region, but Crustacea was abundantly found in area northern to the river mouth. The distribution of biomass and density is extremely uneven, but the areas of high biomass and high density were basically similar, both in Laizhou Bay. The highest record of biomass occured in July, being ?X＝ 50.76g m-2, but the lowest was in November, being ?X＝ 25.83g m-2. The highest record of density was in November, being ?X＝622 ind. m-2, but the lowest in August, being ?X＝304 ind. m-2. Dominant group of the benthic fauna in this region was Mollusca, particularly Musculus senhonsei. In this paper, the seasonal change in abundance (biomass and density) of Musculus senhonsei was described. |
| Key words: ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ,MACROBENTHOS ,HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY |
