| 摘要: |
| 本文为“中国长臂虾亚科研究”的第二部分,包括长臂虾属(Palaemon)、白虾属(Exopalaemon)、小长臂虾属( Palaemonetes)和细腕竏属(Leptocarpus),共计18种。其中有2新种,1新亚种,2新记录。
本文第一部分已报告沼虾属(Macrobrachium)21种,瘦虾属(Leander)2种,拟瘦虾属(Leandrites)1种。(此处増补图23,图24)全文共计7属42种。沼虾属种类多、数量大,在淡水(包括半咸水)虾类捕捞和养殖中都占很重要地位。第二部分的18种,绝大部分都有经济价值,有的在动物地理学上有重要意义。长臂虾属10个种都是沿岸浅海常见种,其中条纹长臂虾(P. paucidens)是北太平洋温带种,仅见于黄海、渤海和日本北部。葛氏长臂虾(P. graver)是中国北部(黄海和东海西部)和朝鲜的地方性特有种,数量很大,但不见于日本沿岸;新种细指长臂虾P. tenuidactylus仅见于华北、华东的河口半成水域;估计这个种在朝鲜沿岸也会有分布,后者也可能是黄海、东海的地方性特有种。巨齿长臂虾P. macrodactylus也属这一类型,但见于日本沿岸。在中国近海,葛氏长臂虾是该属中最重要的经济种(在东海西部水深70-80m以内的陆架区广泛分布)。洁白长臂虾P. concinnus、广东长臂虾P. guangdongensis、太平长臂虾P.pacificus仅见于东海和南海以南的温暖浅海,不见于长江口以北;太平长臂虾广分布到夏威夷群岛,是分布最广者。锯齿长臂虾P. serrifer广泛分布于印度洋和西太平洋的潮间带,但数量不大。白背长臂虾 P. sewelli 分布于印度至广东的暧海低盐水域。白虾属4种都是重要经济种,脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda 广分布于华北和华东的低盐浅海,大河口附近产量极大;东方白虾 E. orientis 则仅见于东南沿海,也有经济价值;安氏白虾 E. annandalei 局限于河口半咸水和淡水中,长江口产量很大;秀丽白虹 E.modestus 是广泛分布于华东、华北和东北淡水湖泊及河流中的经济种。 |
| 关键词: 中国长臂虾亚科研究、长臂虾属、白虾属、小长臂虾属、细腕虾属 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1629号 |
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| A STUDY OF THE PALAEMONINAE(CRUSTACEA DECAPODA)FROM CHINA Ⅱ. PALAEMON, EXOPALAEMON, PALAEMONETES AND LEPTOCARPUS |
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Liu Ruiyu(J.Y.Liu)1, Liang Xiangqiu2, Yan Shengliang2
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica;2.Shanghai University of Fisheries
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| Abstract: |
| This is the second part of our study on Chinese Palaemoninae. dealing with species belonging to the Genera Palaemon, Exopalaemon, Palacmonetes and Leptocarpus. In the present study,a total of 42 species have been found from marine, brackish water and freshwater areas of China. Of which 21 species of the Genus Macrobrachium, 2 species of Leander and one species of Leandrites were described in the first part of the Report. Among the 18 species reported in this paper, Palaemon gravieri (Yu) is endemic to shallow waters of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the western part of the East China Sea, and is of economic importance;P. tenuidactylus sp. nov. has been found only in brackish waters of the river mouths along the eastern and the northern coasts of China and possibly the western coast of Korea; P. paucidens is a temperate species limited to waters of Siberia, northern China and Japan; P. pacificus,P.concinnus,p.sewelli and P serrifer are wide distributed in the warm waters of Indo-West-pacific, while P. ortmanni and P macrodacrylus have been found in China, Korea and Japan. The four species belonging to Genus Exopalaemon are of special importance in the coastal and freshwater fisheries of China.E. carinicauda is the most importance economic species of caridean shrimps in coastal areas of low salinity and estuaries, particularly in north China. E.orientis is common in eastern and southern China. E. annandalei dominates estuarine and neighbouring freshwater areas in northern and eastern China, and E. modestus, also an important economic species, is limited to freshwater lakes and rivers in north-eastern, northern and eastern China. The 3 species of Palaemonetes are also economic importance and abundantly found in freshwater ponds, lakes and brooks. |
| Key words: PALAEMONINAE(CRUSTACEA DECAPODA), PALAEMON, EXOPALAEMON, PALAEMONETES, LEPTOCARPUS |
