| 摘要: |
| 细胞激动素(Cytokinins)是植物激素的一种,广泛存在于陆生和水生植物中。绝大多数细胞激动素是嘌呤环的衍生物,在C5位上有一个取代基侧链,它们的化学活性与其结构密切相关( Skoog et al.,1970)。细胞激动素的生理作用主要是促进细胞分裂和扩张,调节细胞分化,形态建成及延缓衰老等。
人类将海藻作为肥料利用已有近两千年的历史,最初人们将施用海藻肥取得的促生长效果归因于海藻含有多种无机营养成分。近30年来,随着研究的不断深入,大量研究表明,海藻中含有多种植物激素,其中的细胞激动素是关键的功能成分,对植物具有特别明显的促生长作用。而且,作为一种内源性植物激素,细胞激动素在海藻本身的生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用,它能促进藻类细胞的分裂、伸长、活性延迟及细胞内营养物质的运输等(IL. etham et al.,1983)。 |
| 关键词: 细胞激动素、海藻 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第3158号 |
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| CYTOKININS: THE FUNCTIONAL BIOACTIVE COMPOSITION IN SEAWEEDS |
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Sun Biao, Fan Xiao, Zhou Yonghang
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Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Man's use of seaweeds has a history of 2000 years. By the 1990’s, cytokinins had been identified and separated from various seaweeds and commercial seaweeds extracts. Numerous researches showed that cytokinins in seaweeds have very important functional roles as promoters of terrestrial plant growth and of growth and development of seaweeds as endogenous hormones. Cytokinins can accelerate the division and extension of seaweeds cells and the transport of nutrients in cells.
This paper results of cytokinins studies, on their contents, distribution, chemical structure and metabolization, bioactive function in seaweeds, including their application to seaweeds and to crops. The methods for extraction and determination of cytokinins are checked and reported also.
Cytokinins exist in terrestrial and aquatic plants and are phytohormones. The content of cytokinins in seaweeds vary with the growth stage, species, position in seaweeds, and lunar periodicity. The chemical components of cytokinins in plant fall roughly into four kinds:purines, modified purines, urea (and amide)and aminopyrimidine. Most of them are derivatives of the purine ring with a replaced group at the fifth"C"site.
At present, two major approaches have been directed at establishing the presence and possible roles of endogenous cytokinins in seaweeds. They are a) extraction, chromatography and bioassay and b) study of the physiological responses of seaweeds to applications of cytokinins. There has been seven bioassays of cytokinins, in which the cucumber cotyledons method has proved to be more effective. Moreover this method can be combined with chemical assays and become a conventional method for identification of cytokinins activity. |
| Key words: Cytokinins,seaweeds |
