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| 黄河入海水、沙通量变化对黄河口及邻近海域环境资源可持续利用的影响Ⅰ.黄河入海流量锐减和断流的成因及其发展趋势 |
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李凡, 张秀荣
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中国科学院海洋研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 黄河干流长5464km，流域面积752443km2，流经我国西北、华北地区，降水量较少，水资源贫乏。20世纪50、60年代以前，由于人口较少，经济处于低水平运转的时代，水资源尚能满足沿黄地区经济发展和生活的需要。20世纪70年代以来，随着经济的迅速发展，工农业及生活用水量急剧增加，水的供需矛盾充分暴露出来，下游断流日趋严重，成为制约沿黄流域经济发展的重大障碍。黄河水资源问题不但给中、下游的经济发展和人民生活带来很多危害，而且危及河口及其邻近海区海洋生态环境和生物资源的可持续利用，人口、环境和资源得不到协调发展。由于以前黄河口区的治理与开发很少考虑到黄河入海物质通量变化对海洋环境和生物资源的影响，因而给该区今后海洋经济的持续发展带来很大困难。陆地和海洋是通过大江、大河联系起来的统一有机体，但世界上因只顾治河、不顾海洋而贻害无穷者不乏其例。黄河是一条水少、沙多，受人类活动影响巨大的河流，其水资源利用率高达60%左右，为世界大河之最。大量提水、引水造成下游严重断流，给黄河口及其近海区生态环境和生物资源带来了灾害性的影响。本文通过研究历史资料，对关于黄河水、沙通量变化对黄河口及其邻近海域环境资源可持续利用的影响问题进行了初步分析，为解决黄河断流、全面开发利用黄河，也为实施河口及其邻近海区可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 黄河 断流 入海水流量 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第4039号。中国科学院重点资助项目，KZ952-424号；山东省软科办重点资助项目，97-8号。 |
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| IMPACT OF VARIATION OF WATER AND SEDIMENT FLUXES ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN THE HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT SEA Ⅰ. REASON FOR THE CUT-OFF WATER FLOW AND LARGE DECREASE OF RUNOFF AND DEVELOPING TREND OF THEM |
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Li Fan, Zhang Xiurong
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| The 1972, cutoff water flow in the lower course of the Huanghe river worsened day by day. In the 1970s, the time of the cut-off water flow was 8.6 days annually, in the 1980s, it was 10.5 days, in the first 6 years of the 1990s, it was 89.6 days, in 1977, it was 226 days, when the cut-off water flow was 704km. Large increase in the use of water volume for industry and agriculture in the Huanghe River basin was external cause for the cut-off water flow; However, deficient of water resources was basic reason or internal cause. In 1949, use of water for industry and agriculture is only 74 ×108 m3/a, but it increase to 300×108 m3/a in 1990s. The utilization ratio of the Huanghe River water resources is 60%, the first level in the world. 300×108 m3/a only account for 3.3% annual runoff in the Yantze River and 8.6% in the Pearl River but it is more than 1/2 of annual runoff in the Huanghe River. If preventive measures are not adopted, the situation of the cut-off water flow will worsen and be grimmer day by day. The situation of the cut-off water flow can be remedied by unified manage, proper allocate and conservation of the water resource in all basin, and adoption various cut-down water measures. However, allocation of water from the south to the north is the best method to resolve the problem of cut-off water flow and thus increase runoff o the sea and strengthen the construction of the ecological environment and enable sustainable use of the marine environment and resources in the Huanghe River estuary and adjacent sea area. |
| Key words: cutoff water flow Huanghe River large decrease of runoff |
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