| 摘要: |
| 褶臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Müller，以下简称Bp)和圆形臂尾轮虫(B.rotundiformis Tschugunoff，简称Br)(Segers，1995)是轮虫门(Rotifera)单卵巢纲(Monogononta)的两个海水种或半咸水种，过去曾分别被认为是褶皱臂尾轮虫的L型和S型品系，现统称为褶皱臂尾轮虫复合种(B.plicatilis complex)(Yufera，2001)。由于该种分布广，在世界范围内被广泛用作多种海水鱼的种苗培育的重要开口饵料，因而成为单卵巢纲中最具经济意义和极受各国研究者关注的种类。作为单卵巢纲轮虫的共同特征Bp和Br轮虫进行无性生殖(或孤雌生殖)兼有性生殖，两种生殖世代交替发生而完成其生活周期，休眠卵即是有性生殖的最终产物——卵膜加厚的受精卵(King et al，1977a，b；Snell，1987).在实际生产中，休眠卵是轮虫储存、运输和孵化应用的最理想形式；而在生物学意义上，它不仅是轮虫用以抵抗或度过不良环境期，并向新的生存空间散布或拓展的特殊生活阶段，而且可通过一定时间的休眠和一定条件下的孵化，决定着下一生活周期的起始，从而控制着轮虫生活周期的节奏。尤其是休眠卵经孵化而启动新一轮无性生殖世代，一方面承传和实现了前一世代的遗传特性和基因重组结果，另一方面也为轮虫的生殖表现和遗传特性得以在新环境下产生新的适应性变化提供了条件。鉴于上述重要的实际和理论意义，多年来对休眠卵的休眠与孵化的研究深受各国学者的重视。Gilbert(1974)、 Pourriot等(1983)已就国际上的有关研究进行了详细综述，最近席贻龙等(1999)结合国内的有关报道对该领域的进展亦作了进一步概括。这些论述均泛指单卵巢纲诸多种类的休眠与孵化问题，且多数结果来自淡水轮虫的研究。本文的讨论将主要针对海水或半咸水的褶皱臂尾轮虫复合种，就有关调控或影响其休眠卵孵化的各种内、外因子及其作用机理的研究概况作一综述。 |
| 关键词: 褶皱臂尾轮虫 休眠卵 调控因子 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第4559号。 |
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| STUDIES ON THE CONTROLLING FACTORS AND FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR HATCHING OF RESTING EGGS OF ROTIFER BRACHONUS PLICATILIS COMPLEX |
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ZHOU Li, XIANG Jianhai
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Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis complex, including B.plicatilis O.F. Müller (formerly called L-type) and B.rotundiformis Tschugunoff (formerly called S-type) as an excellent live food for many species of marine fish larvae, has been widely used in most of the modern marine hatcheries in the world. Rotifer resting eggs (i.e. dormant eggs) are considered as the best or ideal form for storage and application of the rotifers in aquaculture. Numerous studies have been therefore carried out on the resting eggs especially on their dormancy and hatching. This paper reviews the relevant work on controlling factors of hatching, including both the internal factors (e.g. dormant period, genotype, and maternal culture history) and the external ones (e.g. preservation conditions and methods, preservation period, incubation conditions and sterilizing or processing of the eggs). The possible functional mechanisms of these factors for the hatching of resting eggs are also discussed. |
| Key words: rotifer Brachionus plicatilis complex controlling factor |
