| 摘要: |
| 渤、黄、东海是一个水动力状况相当复杂的半封闭宽陆架海，本海区悬浮颗粒物含量高，季节变化明显，影响范围广，是世界上悬浮物含量最高的海域之一。对于该海域悬浮物的输运沉积过程、分布规律以及底质分布等中外学者均进行过比较深入的研究(秦蕴珊，1963； Honjo et al.，1974；Milliman et al.，1985，1986；秦蕴珊等，1987，1989；杨作升等，1992；Li et al.，1997；孙效功等，2000；雷坤等，2001)。然而，以往的研究大都基于实际海洋调查资料，由于受实测资料在时间和空间覆盖范围上的限制，很难从整体上把握渤、黄、东海陆架区悬浮物输运的时间和空间变化规律。数值模拟的方法能很好地克服上述局限，已有学者从不同角度对渤、黄、东海的某些海域的悬浮物进行了模拟研究。
董礼先等(1989)首先模拟了在二维潮流场作用下，黄、渤海推移质和悬移质的输运状况，得出潮流作用下海底的冲淤状况。Graber等(1989)利用有限水深的风浪模型、模拟了风浪对悬浮物输运、沉积的作用。Yanagi等(1995)用拉格朗日粒子追踪方法对整个东中国海冬季悬浮物的输运、沉积过程进行了计算。江文胜等(2000，2001)考虑了风等气象要素、外海传入的潮波的作用、悬浮物的沉降及再悬浮机制，对渤海中悬浮物的浓度进行了数值模拟。
海洋环流、潮汐、潮流和波浪均对悬浮物的输运与沉积产生影响，尤其在中陆架和外陆架地区，环流对悬浮物的长期输运起决定性作用，因此以往仅针对潮流、风浪作用的模拟很不完整，其结果与实际情况的差别也会较大。其次，海水的流动处在不断变化之中，小到日变化、月变化，大到季节变化、年际变化，因此定常风场、定常温盐场的环流模拟，即诊断流场并不符合实际情形。本文将首先对渤、黄、东海月平均风场、温盐场作用下的环流场进行模拟，进而探讨环流以及潮汐、潮流共同作用下的悬浮物输运过程及其季节变化规律。 |
| 关键词: 悬浮物 输运 沉积 季节变化 数值模拟 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第4893号。中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-207),国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043803)联合资助。 |
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| The Transport and Sedimentation of Suspended Matter and Their Seasonal Variation are Affected by Circulation and Tide Current in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea |
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PANG Chongguang, BAI Xuezhi, HU Dunxin
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Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| The circulation, tide and tide current in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea were relatively successfully simulated by POM (Princeton Ocean Model). Then after the governing equation of suspended matter transport was added into POM, and with due consideration of the mechanism of the sedimentation and re-suspension, the transport, dispersion, sedimentation and erosion of suspended matter affected by circulation and tide current were simulated. Simulated results on the temporal and spatial distribution of total suspended matter concentration revealed and further proved that the seasonal characteristics of suspended matter transport were: storage in summer and autumn; transport in winter and spring in the East China Seas. Shelf circulation has crucial influence on long-term suspended matter transport. The finer the grain size of suspended matter was, the farther it dispersed. The simulated distribution of surface sediment accorded with that measured; and the simulated settling velocity on the mud off Zhejiang coast is similar to the measured. The calculated result of suspended matter exchange showed that net flux of suspended matter from the Yellow Sea to the East China Sea was 5.0×107 tons every year, especial autumn and winter; the net flux from the Bohai Sea to the Yellow Sea was 1.5×107 tons every year, about 2% of total suspended matter derived from the Yellow River. |
| Key words: simulation suspended matter transport transport and sedimentation |
