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| 中国近海皱纹盘鲍不同地理群体的遗传结构与变异研究 |
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张国范1, 张喜昌2, 刘晓1
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所;2.大连水产学院
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| 摘要: |
| 皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)是我国重要的经济海洋生物资源，以其营养价值高、味道鲜美而居海产八珍之首。由于资源的过度采捕、日益增加的养殖活动及海区环境污染等，可能会使皱纹盘鲍的遗传结构发生改变，继而影响到其适合度。为了种质资源的保护和可持续利用，同时也为了进一步完善皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育技术工艺，对我国近海皱纹盘鲍野生群体的遗传结构和变异研究是很有必要的。
等位基因酶电泳技术是研究海洋贝类遗传结构与变异的重要手段之一。目前世界上已有近百种海洋贝类的遗传结构和变异得到研究(张国范，1992；张国范等， 1993)，皱纹盘鲍日本分布区不同群体遗传结构和变异研究也有相关报道(Fu jino et al., 1978)。本文作者采用等位基因酶电泳技术，随机选取了24个等位基因位点，对皱纹盘鲍我国分布区内四个野生群体的遗传结构和变异进行研究，为我国皱纹盘鲍种质资源研究和可持续利用提供基础数据。 |
| 关键词: 皱纹盘鲍 遗传结构 地理群体 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(39370553)资助项目。 |
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| The Genetic Structure and Variation of Wild Populations of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino in China Seas |
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ZHANG Guofan1, ZHANG Xichang2, LIU Xiao1
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1.Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Dalian Fisheries University
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| Abstract: |
| The genetic structure and variation of four wild populations of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino from Changhai, Lvshun, Weihai and Qingdao had been investigated based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, along with an analysis of genetic diversity. The heterozygosity of these four wild populations are 0.137, 0.145, 0.134 and 0.147, respectively; the proportion of polymorphic loci are 0.524, 0.500, 0.471 and 0.588, respectively, under the criterion p≤0.95 and 0.619, 0.636, 0.529 and 0.588, respectively under the criterion p≤0.99; the number of effective allele in a locus are 1.714, 1.909, 1.706 and 1.765, respective ly; the deviation index from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are - 0.057, - 0.026, - 0.044 and - 0.062, respectively.Gpi-1 in Changhai, Gpi-1 andMdh-5 in Lvshun, Est-4 in Weihai and Est-6 in Qindao are significantly deviated from H-W equilibrium. The genetic similarity coefficient shows that Changhai population is far from Qingdao, which is consistent with population's geographical distance. |
| Key words: Abalone genetic structure |
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