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| 分子标记概述及其在藻类中的应用 |
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王秀良, 赵凤娟, 吕慧, 姚建亭, 刘吉东, 段德麟
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中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛266071
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| 摘要: |
| 遗传标记经历了形态标记、细胞学标记、蛋白质标记及DNA标记的四个重要发展历程。纵观遗传学的发展历史,遗传学的发展推动了新型遗传标记的发展,每一种新型遗传标记的发现,均推进了遗传理论与技术的发展。19世纪后期,孟德尔以豌豆为材料,利用7对形态学标记对杂种后代的不同个体依据性状表现进行归类分析,发现了著名的遗传分离规律和独立分配规律。细胞学标记是指能明确显示遗传多态性的细胞学特征,如染色体形态、数目和结构在不同物种中的差异等,可以作为一种遗传标记来进行基因定位。20世纪50年代,人们发现同工酶是一种可用于物种起源与进化研究、种质鉴定、分类等诸多领域的分子标记技术(Markert et al.,1959)20世纪后期以来,DNA分子标记技术不断涌现,相继建立了RFLP(restriction fragment lengthen polymorphisis)、DNA指纹 (DNA fingerprint)，RAPD (random anplified polymophism DNA), AFLP(amplified fragnent lengthen polynorphisn)、微卫星 DNA (microsate llite DNA).SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisn)等专门的技术，在生物研究中得以广泛应用。分子标记技术应用于藻类学研究较晚,主要用于藻类的系统发生、地理分布、种群遗传、分类、亲本鉴定、杂种优势的鉴别及种质鉴定等领域。 |
| 关键词: 分子标记、藻类 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 30500383)资助 |
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| MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ALGAE RESEARCH |
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Wang Xiuliang, Zhao Fengjuan, Lv Hui, Yao Jianting, Liu Jidong, Duan Delin
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Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071
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| Abstract: |
| The development of genetics has entered in to new genetic markers application ysage which Developed one after the other from Mendelian morphological marker, cytogenetics marker, allozyme marker to DNA markers in algal research.Based on morphological features such as the colours and seed sizes of pea,Mendel discovered the famous genetic laws.The cytogenetics markers included chromosome morphology,Numberand structure, which can be used for gene localization.Allozymes are allelic variants of proteins produced by a single gene locus, and are of interest as markers because of the existing polymorphism.Since the 1970’s, it has been used widespread for population genetics and other fields inbiology.Since the last decade of the 20th century, various DNA marker techniques have been invented, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP,SSR and SNP.With DNA markers, it is conveniently and easily to observe and exploit genetic variation in the entire genome.However, the application of molecular markers is still in its primary level.Here the principles and characters of kinds of molecular markers were reviewed including their applications in a lgaeresearch,respectively. |
| Key words: ALGAE,MOLECULAR MARKERS |
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