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西太平洋暖池研究综述
胡石建,①胡敦欣
中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院海洋研究所
摘要:
西太平洋暖池(Western Pacific Warm Pool)是全球海温最高的海域,汇聚了巨大的热能,在地球气候系统中具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了近30年来有关西太平洋暖池的研究进展,包括西太平洋暖池的维持机制、在不同时间尺度西太平洋暖池的变异特征和物理机制,以及西太平洋暖池的观测和数值模拟等领域的研究进展。西太平洋暖池的维持是现有地形下大气过程和海洋过程相互作用导致的,在季节内到世纪尺度均存在很强的变化。其中:季节内变化的驱动机制主要包括与大气季节内振荡(Madden Julian Oscillation)相关的对流和海表面热通量变化,以及海洋波动等海洋动力过程;季节变化主要是太阳辐射的季节变化导致;在年际尺度上,西太平洋暖池作为El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation的一部分而振荡具有显著年际变化;太平洋代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation)和大西洋代际振荡(Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation)驱动着西太平洋暖池的年代际变化;世纪尺度的变化显示全球变暖背景下西太平洋暖池存在扩张趋势。人类对西太平洋暖池的系统观测始于海洋观测卫星的使用,随后历经WCRP/TOGA、TAO/TRITON、TOGA-COARE、WOCE、Argo、SPICE、NPOCE等多个观测计划,极大促进了西太平洋暖池的研究。但截止到第五次耦合模式比对计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5),多数气候模式仍未能克服热带模拟偏差,对西太平洋暖池的模拟效果较差,表明在西太平洋暖池动力学的理解和模拟方面仍有较大进步空间。
关键词:  西太平洋  暖池  季节内变化  年际变化  年代际变化  热带海洋气候  ENSO
DOI:10.12036/hykxjk20160724001
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金委青年科学基金项目:源地黑潮和棉兰老流季节内变化的相互关系研
Review on Western Pacific Warm Pool Study
hu shi jian and HU DUNXIN
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract:
The western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) is a region of highest oceanic temperature in the world, gathers huge heat, and plays a very important role in the climate system of the earth. This paper reviews progresses in the WPWP study during the past 30 years, including the mechanism underlying the formation of WPWP, multi-scale variability and corresponding physical causes, and progresses in observation and numerical simulation of the WPWP. The WPWP formation is thought to be a result of coupled atmospheric and oceanic processes in the context of modern topography. Strong variability of the WPWP can be detected on time scales from intra-seasonal to century time scales. Thereinto, the mechanism of the intra-seasonal variability includes variability in convection and sea surface heat flux associated with the Madden Julian Oscillation and ocean dynamics like oceanic waves. WPWP seasonality is mainly induced by the seasonal fluctuation in solar radiation. On an inter-annual time scale, the WPWP plays as a part of the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation cycle and hence shows significant interannual variability. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation derive the inter-decadal variability of the WPWP, while on a century time scale, the WPWP shows an extending trend under the global warming. Systematical observation of the WPWP started from the application of ocean satellites, and then several observational projects including WCRP/TOGA, TAO/TRITON, TOGA-COARE, WOCE, Argo, SPICE and NPOCE were lunched successively, which have significantly promoted the WPWP study. But until the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5, most of the climate models failed to exclude the tropical SST bias, and simulation of the WPWP is not good enough yet, indicating a long way to better understand the WPWP dynamics and simulate the observed WPWP.
Key words:  western Pacific Ocean  warm pool  intra-seasonal variability  interannual variability  inter-decadal variability  tropical climate  ENSO
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