| 引用本文: | 张芳,孙松,杨波.胶州湾水母类生态研究 Ⅰ.种类组成与群落特征.海洋与湖沼,2005,36(6):507-517. |
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| 胶州湾水母类生态研究 Ⅰ.种类组成与群落特征 |
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张芳,孙松,杨波
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室 青岛266071;2.中国科学院研究生院 北京100039
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| 摘要: |
| 根据2003年5月—2004年9月胶州湾浮游生物浅水Ⅰ型网中水母的调查资料,分析了胶州湾水母类的种类组成和群落特征。共记录水母34种,其中水螅水母类31种,管母类2种,钵水母类1种,属胶州湾首次报道的有3种;订正并列出了到目前为止的胶州湾水母种属目录,累计共60种,其中水螅水母类52种,管水母3种,钵水母4种,栉水母1种。分析其群落特征结果表明,全年共有9种优势种,各月份水母的优势种类不尽相同,薮枝螅水母和半球美螅水母为春季和夏季的主要优势种,五角水母为秋季的主要优势种,八斑芮氏水母为冬季的主要优势种;水母的总丰度在调查时期内有3个高峰,分别为2003年6、9月份、2004年3月份,3月份作为最高峰丰度高达120.42ind/m3;总种类数以2003年5、6月份为最多,共14种;1年中,5—11月份的群落多样性指数较12—4月份高;2003年12月到2004年3月各月优势种到下个月的更替基本是完全的(更替率为100%),其它月份优势种的更替或者部分更替(0<更替率<100%),或者没有更替(更替率为0)。本文中作者对80年代以来水母类的优势种、总种数及总丰度的变化进行了讨论,总种数比90年代有所增加,但未达到1984、1985年的水平;水母的总丰度水平也较80、90年代要高。本文中作者把胶州湾水母生态类群分为近岸低盐生态类型和大洋暖水性生态类型。 |
| 关键词: 胶州湾 水母 种类组成 群落特征 丰度 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目,KZCX3-SW-214号;青岛市科技局科技计划项目,04-3-HH-42号;中国科学院资源环境领域野外台站研究基金项目,2005—2008 |
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| ECOLOGY OF MEDUSAE IN JIAOZHOU BAY Ⅰ.SPECIES COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS |
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ZHANG Fang1,2, SUN Song3, YANG Bo3
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1.Key Lab of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071;2.Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100039;3.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071
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| Abstract: |
| Medusa has a great influence on zooplankton population dynamics and fish recruitment in marine ecosystems, especially in marginal seas. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in jellyfish biomass over the coastal areas around the world. Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-closed area in Shandong of China severely affected by human activities. Environmental protection and ecological preservation in this area is concerned by both government and scientists. The medusa species composition and community characteristics were studied in our investigation in order to reveal how much the medusa community has changed since late 20th century.
Zooplankton samples collected using 50 cm diameter net (mesh size 500μm) from May 2003 to September 2004 were analyzed for the medusa species composition and community characteristics in the bay. A total of 34 species were identified, in which, 31 are Hydrozoans, two are Siphonophores, and one is Scyphozoans. Among these species, three were recorded in the bay for the first time, after which the total medusa species was added up to 60 species, including 52 Hydrozoans, three Siphonophores, four Scyphozoans, and one Ctenophores. In community level, nine of them were identified as dominant species, including Obelia sp, Clytia hemisphacrica, Proboscidactyla flavicirrata, Eutima japonica, Muggiaea atlantica, Lovenella assimilis, Rathkea octopunctata, Phialucium mbenga and Eirene ceylonensis, although their dominance index varied in different months in the survey period. Among these species, C. hemisphaerica was the most important dominant species in late spring and summer (from May to August 2003), M. atlantica dominated in autumn and early winter (from September to December 2003), R. octopunctata overwhelmed in late winter and early spring (February to March 2004), and Obelia sp. controlled in mid-spring (April 2004). Three peak values of monthly averaged abundance of the total medusa species were observed over the survey period, in June and September 2003, and March 2004, and the maximum value was 120.4 ind/m3 in March. Total medusa abundance was low from October 2003 to January 2004, and dipped in January 2004. Number of medusa species was highest in May and June 2003, when 14 species were identified, but species number reduced to three in February 2004. The diversity index of community was higher from May to November 2003 than that from December 2003 to April 2004. The dominant species in each month changed gradually from August 2003 to January 2004, but changed completely from January to April 2004, indicating a rapid succession of dominant species in later winter and early spring. The dominant species, total species number, and monthly averaged medusa abundance in this study were compared with the data in 1980’s and 1990’s. R. octopunctata was a dominant species in winter in this study, but it was not in 1980 to 1990’s. In our study, the number of total species was higher than that in 1990’s but lower than that in 1984 or 1985, while the total medusa abundance was higher than those in 1980’s or 1990’s. According to the adaptability of medusa to different temperature and salinity, the medusa species in the bay were classified into two types: one includes those inclined to inhabit in neritic areas with low salinity, and another group includes those inclined to stay in warm oceanic waters. |
| Key words: Jiaozhou Bay, Medusae, Species composit ion, Community characteristics, Abundance |
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