| 引用本文: | 俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展,吕华庆.东海大陆架海域经济蟹类种类组成和数量分布.海洋与湖沼,2006,37(1):53-60. |
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| 东海大陆架海域经济蟹类种类组成和数量分布 |
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俞存根1, 宋海棠2, 姚光展2, 吕华庆3
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1.浙江海洋学院渔业学院;2.浙江省海洋水产研究所;3.浙江海洋学院海洋科学与技术学院
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| 摘要: |
| 根据1998年5月、8月、11月和1999年2月东海区虾蟹类资源调查结果, 用重量资源密度作为经济蟹类数量分布的数量指标, 对东海区经济蟹类的种类组成、数量分布、季节变化趋势以及数量与环境的关系作了定量分析。结果表明, 在东海调查海区,经济蟹类主要有细点圆趾蟹Ovalipes punctatus、三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus、日本蟳Charybdis japonica、锈斑蟳Charybdis feriatus、武士蟳Charybdis miles、光掌蟳Charybdis riversandersoni和红星梭子蟹Portunus sanguinolentus等。经济蟹类渔获量约占蟹类总渔获量的62.8%, 渔获量的季节变化明显, 年间有二个汛期, 一个出现在春夏季, 以细点圆趾蟹为主要捕捞对象, 兼捕光掌蟳、日本蟳等, 渔场的主体分布在东海北部近海, 渔场范围较小, 蟹群集中, 是捕捞生产条件较为理想的渔场; 另一个出现在秋冬季, 以三疣梭子蟹为主要捕捞对象, 兼捕武士蟳、日本蟳、锈斑蟳、红星梭子蟹等。高生物量分布区主要出现在长江口、大沙、舟山渔场20—60m水深海域, 是东海三疣梭子蟹和日本蟳的主要渔场, 该渔场也是捕捞条件较为理想的渔场。在长江口以南的东海南部海域也有经济蟹类的较高生物量分布区, 是武士蟳和锈斑蟳的渔场, 该渔场具有范围较大, 蟹群较分散的特征, 所捕捞的品种往往只能作为兼捕对象。 |
| 关键词: 经济蟹类，种类组成，数量分布，渔场，东海 |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋勘测专项资助项目——东海区虾蟹类资源调查;浙江省自然科学基金资助项目,M303321号。 |
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| COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC CRAB SPECIES IN THE EAST CHINA SEA |
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YU Cun-Gen1, SONG Hai-Tang2, YAO Guang-Zhan2, Lü Hua-Qing3
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1.Fishery College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004;2.Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100;3.Marine Science and Technology College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004
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| Abstract: |
| Based on shrimp and crab survey results carried out in May, Aug., and Nov. 1998 and Feb. 1999 in the East China Sea, using crab weight resource density as a quantitative indicator, the species composition, quantity distribution, seasonal change tendency and relationship between the quantity and environment were quantitatively studied. When analyzing, we took the species whose resource density was over 1150kg/km2 in at least one season as predominant one. As an economic species, it should meet requirement o f large quantity with commercial values. Results showed that there were 12 predominant species in the surveyed areas among which small-sized Charybdis bimaculata, Portunus argentatus, Portunus gracilimanu were lack of edible and commercial value. Although they took certain weight percentage for 15.0% and 5.7% respectively, belonging to the second and third predominant species in the East China Sea, they were not economic species and disregarded. Some of large-sized crabs like Carcinoplax longimana, Calappa lophos, Leptomithrax edwardsi were not economic species too, because they have less edible parts. The main economic species were Ovalipes punctatu, Portunus trituberculatus, Charybdis japonica, Charybdis feriatus, Charybdis miles, Charybdis riversandersoni and Portunus sanguinolentus, etc. They contributed 62.8% of the total catch. The catch varied seasonally. In May, they took account of 83.3%, with the maximum fishing resource density at 3377.53kg/km2, the minimum density 2.41kg/km2, and averaged at 71.93kg/km2. In Aug., they were 44.5%, 2474.35kg/km2, 0.29kg/km2, and 36.93kg/km2 respectively. In Nov., they were 55.9%, 380.38kg/km2, and 30.47kg/km2, respectively. In Feb., they were 69.9%, 2122.03kg/km2, and 33.65kg/km2, respectively. Two fishing seasons were presented. One was in spring-summer, the main fishing target was Ovalipes punctatus, together with Charybdis riversandersoni and Charybdis japonica. The fishing areas mainly lay in the offshore areas of the northern part of the East China Sea, being an ideal fishing area and resource center. The other was in fall-winter, the main fishing target was Portunus trituberculatus, combined with Charybdis miles, Charybdis japonica, Charybdis feriatusand and Portunus sanguinolentus. The high biomass areas were Yangtze River mouth, Dasha, Zhoushan fishing areas in 20–60m water depth. The fishing conditions were ideal. In addition, there were other relatively-high biomass areas in southern part of the East China Sea and south of Yangtze River mouth, with the target at Charybdis mile and Charybdis feriatus, in large but scattered fishing spots, so that the fishing targets were generally by-products |
| Key words: Economic crab species, Species composition, Quantity distribution, Fishing area, The East China Sea |
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