| 引用本文: | 吕永磊,郝世鑫,王宠,孙东方,王晓通,刘海平,商鹏.拉萨河源头水域中浮游生物、鱼类资源调查与分析.海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):407-413. |
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| 拉萨河源头水域中浮游生物、鱼类资源调查与分析 |
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吕永磊1,2, 郝世鑫3, 王宠4, 孙东方3, 王晓通3, 刘海平2, 商鹏2
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1.西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院 拉萨 850000;2.西藏大学农牧学院 动物科学学院 林芝 860000;3.鲁东大学农学院 烟台 264025;4.济南市环境监测中心站 济南 250014
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| 摘要: |
| 拉萨河是西藏重要的河流之一, 流经多个县市, 拉萨河的生态性调查和环境保护对西藏的社会和经济发展重要意义。本调查在拉萨河上游11个乡镇分别进行断面取点调查, 对各乡镇境内拉萨河段进行浮游生物与鱼类取样统计分析。本次调查中, 共检出浮游植物76个种类, 其中硅藻门48种, 占总种类数的63.2%; 绿藻门12种, 占总种类数的15.8%; 蓝藻门6种, 占总种类数的7.9%; 金藻门4种, 占总种类数的5.3%; 隐藻门3种, 占总种类数的3.9%; 黄藻门和裸藻门各1种, 分别占总种类数的1.3%; 共检出浮游动物4大类50种, 其中原生动物24种, 占总种数的48%; 轮虫12种, 占总种数的24%; 枝角类10种, 占总种数的20%; 桡足类4种, 占总种数的8%; 共发现1目2科5属的鱼类5种, 均为鲤形目, 本地鱼类有3种, 占总数的60%, 外来种有2种, 占到总数的40%, 其中拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan)和双须叶须鱼[Ptychobarbus dipogon(Regan)]为雅鲁藏布江特有鱼类。本次调查采集到的外来鱼种有棒花鱼和鳅鱼两种。经本次调查, 西藏拉萨河源头流域, 生物多样性略贫乏, 尤其是鱼类种类较少。而鱼类保护工作面临的两大挑战就是外来鱼种入侵以及过度捕捞而造成的鱼类资源减少。 |
| 关键词: 拉萨河 水生生物调查 物种多样性 特有及保护鱼类 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20160100025 |
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| 基金项目:拉萨河源头重要生态功能保护区规划生态本底调查项目资助, HX2015047号; 山东省自然科学基金资助, ZR2013CM026号。 |
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| INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ON PLANKTON AND FISH RESOURCES IN THE SOURCE AREA OF LHASA RIVER, TIBET, CHINA |
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LV Yong-Lei1,2, HAO Shi-Xin3, WANG Chong4, SUN Dong-Fang3, WANG Xiao-Tong3, LIU Hai-Ping2, SHANG Peng2
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1.Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Tibet, Lhasa 850000, China;2.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, China;3.School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;4.Jinan Environmental Monitoring Centre, Jinan 250014, China
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| Abstract: |
| Lhasa River is one of the major rivers in the central-southern Tibet. We conducted a survey in 11 sites in the upstream region, in which plankton, aquatic plants, and fish were sampled and statistically analyzed. In total, 76 species of phytoplankton were identified, of which 48 were from Bacillariophyta, taking 63.2% of the total number of species; 12 from Chlorophyta, 15.8%; and 6 from Cyanophyta, 7.9%; 4 from Chrysophyta, 5.3; 3 from Cryptophyta 3.9%; and 1 each from Xanthophyta and Euglenophyta, 1.3% each. Four zooplankton categories including 50 species were found, of which 24 were protozoa for taking 48% of the total species; 12 were Rotifers, 24%; 10 Cladocera members, 20%; and 4 Copepods, 8%. Only five fish species were found, all Cypriniformes: 3 endemic, and 2 alien species. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan and Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan) are the Brahmaputra endemic fish. The alien species were Abbottina and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Overall, the biodiversity in the Lhasa River headwater basin was slightly poor and primitive, as reflected especially by simple composition of fish species. To protect the natural environment, we must take effective countermeasures against two major challenges, i.e., alien species invasion and fish stock decrease due to overfishing. |
| Key words: Lhasa River aquatic biological surveys species diversity unique and protective fish |
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