| 摘要: |
| 根据目标养殖生物的形质特征变化,研究其生存对策因养殖环境的持续性改变而发生切换的途径与机制,具有重要的理论与应用价值。利用池塘专养模式下2+龄余姚本地品系中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)同生群个体越冬前后的生物学测定数据,在比较体尺比例性状、肥满度指数、重长系数和脏器质量比例性状的基础上,采用主成分分析和判别分析方法,系统开展了越冬对中华鳖形质的影响特征研究。结果表明:(1)所涉29项体尺比例性状、4项肥满度性状、4项重长系数性状和19项脏器质量比例性状中,越冬前后具显著差异(P<0.05)的分别为25项、2项、2项和12项,即越冬对实验鳖的形质特征具显著影响,实验鳖具通过饰变形质以响应越冬胁迫的生存适应对策;(2)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,其累积贡献率达80.427%,其中PC1可归纳为以强化就近寻食为主要特征的公共因子,PC2可归纳为以减少入泥阻力进而降低入泥呼吸能耗为主要特征的公共因子,PC3、PC4和PC5可统归为以减脂强体助力越冬入泥挖掘能力为主要特征的公共因子;(3)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的头长/躯干长、颈长/躯干长、背甲长/躯干长、左前肢长/躯干长和左前肢下臂长/躯干长为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分越冬前后实验个体,其中两者的个体判别准确率和综合判别准确率均为96.67%。研究结果揭示了中华鳖越冬前后生存对策发生切换的机制,可为其越冬生物学研究及构建养殖管理技术体系提供基础资料。 |
| 关键词: 越冬 中华鳖 形质特征 池塘专养模式 多元分析 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20211100279 |
| 分类号:S966.5;Q956 |
| 基金项目:国家星火计划项目,2012GA701053号;中央财政重大农业技术推广项目,YY2017003号;宁波市科技局农业创新创业项目,2014C91026号。 |
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| EFFECTS OF OVERWINTERING ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIONYX SINENSIS IN POND CULTURE MODE |
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QU Tao1, SHENTU Yan1,2, MU En-Xuan1, LI You-Zhi1, ZHU Wei-Dong2, WANG Zhi-Zheng1
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1.School of Fisheries of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;2.Yuyao Aquatic Technology Extension Center, Yuyao 315400, China
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| Abstract: |
| The data of Trionyx sinensis in pond culture mode 2+ years old Yuyao local strain of syngenetic group of individuals of biology measurement before and after winter were used, on the basis of comparison of body measurements proportion traits, relative fatness indices, weight-length coefficients and viscera quality ratios, using principal component analysis and discriminant analysis method, system researched on characteristics of T. sinensis of shape quality of overwintering, results show that: (1) In the proportion traits of 29 body measurements, 4 relative fatness indices, 4 weight-length coefficients, 19 viscera proportion traits, the indexes with significant difference before and after the winter is respectively 25, 2, 2 and 12 items, indicating that the wintering could significantly impact on the morphological characteristics of T. sinensis. Therefore, it can be inferred that T. sinensis would respond to the survival adaptation strategy of overwintering stress by changing the morphological and quality characteristics; (2) Through principal component analysis, the extracted five principal components with feature values greater than 1 could explain 80.427% of the variables. Among the five principal components, PC1 could be summarized as a common factor characterized by strengthening nearby food-seeking; PC2 could be classified as a common factor mainly characterized by reducing entry mud resistance and respiration energy consumption. PC3, PC4 and PC5 could be grouped as common factors with the main characteristics of lipid-reducing and strong body facilitating the digging ability of overwintering into mud; (3) The stepwise discriminant method was used to judge head length/trunk length, neck length/trunk length, back nail length/trunk length, left forelimb length/trunk length and left forelimb lower arm length/trunk length as independent variables, the established Fisher classification function equations could clearly distinguish the experimental individuals before and after overwintering. Significantly, the individual discriminant accuracy and comprehensive discriminant accuracy are all 96.67%. |
| Key words: overwintering Trionyx sinensis morphological characteristics pond special culture mode multivariate analysis |
