| 摘要: |
| 近年来,如何实现海水养殖经济与生态的协调发展逐渐引起学界的关注。前人研究海水养殖生态效率时,较多关注对环境非期望产出的衡量,较少考虑海水养殖的环境正外部效应。以海水养殖碳汇量作为衡量海水养殖环境正外部效应的期望产出,以海水养殖氮、磷污染产出量作为非期望产出,运用包含非期望产出的SBM模型对2008~2017年我国海水养殖生态效率进行测度,在此基础上运用Tobit回归模型,通过构建海水养殖专业化程度、规模化程度和集约化程度三个变量衡量海水养殖生态效率的内部影响因素,并综合考虑科技、经济、管理、外贸等外部影响因素,考察海水养殖生态效率的影响因素。研究表明: (1)考察期内我国海水养殖生态效率呈现出波动上升的趋势,但总体尚未达到最优状态; (2)不同海域海水养殖生态效率均值存在显著的阶梯式区域失衡; (3)海水养殖规模化程度与科技管理水平对海水养殖生态效率具有正向影响,海水养殖专业化程度、集约化程度、培训强度、经济发展水平和外贸依存度对海水养殖生态效率具有负向影响,海水养殖环境规制对海水养殖生态效率的影响不显著。在此基础上,从转变发展方式、加强科技研发与推广投入、加强海水养殖进出口与环境管理等方面提出了改善我国海水养殖生态效率的对策建议。 |
| 关键词: 海水养殖生态效率 海水养殖双重环境外部效应 影响因素 SBM模型 Tobit回归 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20211200340 |
| 分类号:F326.4 |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金重大项目,21&ZD100号。 |
附件 |
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| FACTORS ON ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF MARICULTURE IN CHINA |
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ZHANG Ying1, HAN Li-Min1,2, QIN Hong1,2
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1.School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years,how to realize the coordinated development of mariculture economy and ecology has gradually attracted academic attention.Previous studies on the ecological efficiency of mariculture focused more on the negative environmental factors in mariculture but less considered the positive effects.Taking carbon sequestration as the expected environmental output of mariculture and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of mariculture as the unexpected output,we calculated the ecological efficiency of mariculture in China from 2008 to 2017 by using the SBM (slacks-based measure) model that includes the unexpected output.In addition,using Tobit regression model,three indexes of mariculture specialization degree,production scale,and intensification degree are employed as the internal factors to measure the ecological efficiency of mariculture,while science and technology,economy,management,and foreign trade are used as external factors to comprehensively investigate the impact factors on mariculture ecological efficiency.The results show that during the study period,the ecological efficiency of mariculture in China showed a fluctuating upward trend,but it had not reached the optimal state as a whole.There is a significant stepped regional imbalance in the average ecological efficiency of mariculture in different sea areas.The scale of mariculture and the level of scientific and technological management have a positive impact on the ecological efficiency of mariculture.The degree of specialization,intensification,training intensity,economic development level,and dependence on foreign trade have a negative impact on the ecological efficiency of mariculture.The impact of mariculture environmental regulation on the ecological efficiency of mariculture is not significant.Finally,we proposed some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the ecological efficiency of mariculture in China from the aspects of optimizing the development mode,increasing the investment into scientific and promoting technological R & D,and intensifying the import and export of mariculture and environmental management. |
| Key words: ecological efficiency of mariculture dual environmental external effects of mariculture influence factor SBM model Tobit regression |
