| 引用本文: | 戴佳佳,宋金明,李学刚,马骏,袁华茂,段丽琴,温丽联,王启栋.中国典型水域磺胺类合成药物的环境生物地球化学特征.海洋与湖沼,2023,54(4):935-950. |
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| 中国典型水域磺胺类合成药物的环境生物地球化学特征 |
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戴佳佳1,2, 宋金明1,3,4,2, 李学刚1,3,4,2, 马骏1,2, 袁华茂1,3,4,2, 段丽琴1,3,4,2, 温丽联1,4, 王启栋1,2
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所 中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室 山东青岛 266071;2.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心 山东青岛 266071;3.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东青岛 266237;4.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
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| 摘要: |
| 作为广谱抗菌的人工合成药物——磺胺类(SAs)是应用最早的一类人工合成抑菌剂之一, 被广泛用于人类医疗、禽畜及水产养殖等。大量磺胺类药物的应用随代谢进入水环境中, 对水生生态系统和人类健康产生重要影响并构成潜在风险, 截至目前, 这些影响和风险并未被探明。因此, 对8种典型磺胺类合成药物在我国典型水环境中的分布特征进行了阐述, 评估了它们对不同水生生物的生态毒性及生态风险, 并诠释了它们在生物体内的代谢及其在生态系统中的降解途径。结果表明, 不同水环境中磺胺类合成药物的浓度分布差异显著, 磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺嘧啶分别在水体及沉积物中的浓度和污染程度最高; 水体藻类是磺胺类合成药物最敏感的水生物种, 其次是甲壳类和鱼类, 磺胺甲恶唑对水生生态系统构成高风险; 磺胺类合成药物进入体内后被代谢成不同的产物, 与母体合成药物一同进入水环境中经历降解过程; 生物降解是水生生态系统中磺胺类合成药物去除的主要途径, 不同种细菌、真菌及藻类均可降解磺胺类合成药物。在以后的研究中, 应当进一步加强磺胺类合成药物对水生生物的慢性毒性以及合成药物混合毒性的研究, 明晰水环境磺胺类合成药物的分布-代谢-传输-效应的综合过程, 探析磺胺类合成药物在水生生物体内的代谢过程与途径, 探明磺胺类合成药物在水环境中的生态风险, 为构建和谐地球健康环境、实现社会经济的可持续发展提供依据。 |
| 关键词: 磺胺类药物 分布特征 生物降解 生态风险 水环境 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20221100312 |
| 分类号:X131 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院特别研究助理资助项目; 中国科学院 A 类先导专项项目, XDA23050501 号 |
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| ENVIRONMENTAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFONAMIDES IN TYPICAL AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS OF CHINA |
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DAI Jia-Jia1,2, SONG Jin-Ming1,3,4,2, LI Xue-Gang1,3,4,2, MA Jun1,2, YUAN Hua-Mao1,3,4,2, DUAN Li-Qin1,3,4,2, WEN Li-Lian1,4, WANG Qi-Dong1,2
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1.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Function Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| Sulfonamides (SAs), as broad-spectrum antibacterial synthetic drugs, are one of the earliest synthetic antibacterial agents, and are widely used in human medical treatment, livestock, and aquaculture. The sulfonamides are being discharged into the aquatic environment with metabolism, which has an important impact on the aquatic ecosystem and human health and possess potential risks. Up to now, their influences and risks have not been identified. Hence, the distribution characteristics of eight typical sulfonamides in typical aquatic environment in China were described, their ecotoxicity and ecological risks to different aquatic organisms were evaluated, and their metabolism in organisms and degradation pathways in ecosystems were explained. Results show that the concentrations of sulfonamides in different aquatic environments are significantly different, and the concentrations and pollution levels of sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine are the highest in water and sediment, respectively. Algae are the most sensitive aquatic species to sulfonamides, followed by crustaceans and fish. Sulfamethoxazole poses a high risk to aquatic ecosystem. Sulfonamides are metabolized into different metabolites after entering the body, and undergo a degradation process in the aquatic environment together with the parent synthetic drugs. Biodegradation is the main way to remove sulfonamides in aquatic ecosystem. Sulfonamides can be degraded by different bacteria, fungi, and algae. In the future research, it is important to intensify the research onto the chronic toxicity of sulfonamides in aquatic organisms and the mixed toxicity of synthetic drugs, to clarify the comprehensive process of distribution, metabolism, transport and effect of sulfonamides in the aquatic environment, to explore the metabolic process and pathway of sulfonamides in aquatic organisms, and to ascertain the ecological risks of sulfonamides in the aquatic environment, and finally to provide a basis for building a harmonious global health environment and realizing the sustainable development of social economy. |
| Key words: sulfonamides distribution characteristics biodegradation ecological risk aquatic environment |
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