| 引用本文: | 武昭鑫,孔祥生,徐兆鹏,曾健,刘鑫.近40年来中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度的时空分异特征分析.海洋与湖沼,2024,55(2):347-362. |
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| 近40年来中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度的时空分异特征分析 |
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武昭鑫1, 孔祥生1, 徐兆鹏2, 曾健2, 刘鑫3
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1.鲁东大学 资源与环境工程学院 山东烟台 264025;2.中国资源卫星应用中心 北京 100094;3.北京信息科技大学 北京 100094
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| 摘要: |
| 随着经济社会快速发展, 中国湖泊表现出不同程度的富营养化, 湖泊生态正面临着严峻挑战。叶绿素a是评价水体营养状态的重要指标, 可以反映湖泊中浮游植物生物量情况。基于Landsat系列数据集, 对1986~2022年间中国范围内面积在10 km2以上湖泊叶绿素a浓度分布状况进行研究, 并对各区域叶绿素a浓度演变趋势进行分析, 结果表明: (1) 中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度存在地域性空间分布差异。叶绿素a浓度分布整体呈现东南高, 西北低的态势, 大约69%的湖泊处于轻富营养化程度, 中富营养化状态约占17%。以35°N和100°E为分界线, 各区域叶绿素a浓度随经纬度呈现出一定的变化规律。(2) 近40年间中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度年均值处于缓慢波动上升趋势, 时间序列呈现先降低后升高, 再降低的变化状态。所有湖泊叶绿素a浓度显著上升的数量占比约为30%, 显著下降的占比约为24.8%, 变化不显著的约占45.2%。整体变化较为稳定, 变异系数处于中等波动水平以下, 波动较大的区域位于青藏高原, 东北地区和长江中下游的部分地区。(3) 各流域内湖泊叶绿素a浓度时空分异特征表现为: 空间分布上, 内陆流域和西南流域普遍较低, 珠江流域和东南流域较高。时间变化上, 除了西南流域和内陆流域的湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现下降趋势外, 其他流域均为上升趋势。中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显的地域性差异和时间变化趋势, 这主要归因于地区气候、水文条件、土地利用以及人类活动变化等因素。受温暖湿润气候和较强人类活动的影响, 东南部地区的湖泊叶绿素a浓度相对较高。西北部地区气温偏低, 降水较少, 湖泊叶绿素a浓度普遍较低。近40年的时间尺度上, 受城市化、工业化快速发展和全球气候变化的共同影响, 中国整体湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。 |
| 关键词: 中国湖泊 遥感 叶绿素a 时空分异 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20231000198 |
| 分类号:P2 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目,2019YFE0127300号;北京市自然基金青年项目,4224094号。 |
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| TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION IN CHINESE LAKES IN RECENT 40 YEARS |
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WU Zhao-Xin1, KONG Xiang-Sheng1, XU Zhao-Peng2, ZENG Jian2, LIU Xin3
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1.College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;2.China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China;3.Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100094, China
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| Abstract: |
| With the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese lakes show different degrees of eutrophication, and the lake ecology is facing severe challenges. Chlorophyll a is an important indicator for evaluating the nutritional status of water bodies, and it reflects the amount of phytoplankton in lakes. Based on the Landsat dataset, the distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in lakes with an area of over 10 km2 in China from 1986 to 2022 was investigated, and the trend of chlorophyll a concentration evolution in various regions was analyzed. Results show that first, there are regional spatial distribution differences in the concentration of chlorophyll a in Chinese lakes. The overall distribution of chlorophyll a concentration is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. About 69% of the lakes are in the light eutrophication state, and about 17% are in the middle eutrophication state. Using 35°N and 100°E as the dividing line, the concentration of chlorophyll a in each region showed a certain variation with latitude and longitude. Secondly, in the past 40 years, the annual average chlorophyll a concentration of Chinese lakes has been in a slowly fluctuating upward trend, and the time series showed a variation pattern of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing. Among all the lakes, 30% of the lakes showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a concentration, 24.8% showed a significant decrease, and 45.2% showed no significant change. The overall change is relatively stable, and the coefficient of variation is below the medium fluctuation level. The areas with large fluctuations are located in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the Northeast China, and some lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Thirdly, the spatio-temporal variation of chlorophyll a concentration in each watershed is as follows: in terms of spatial distribution, the inland basin and southwest basin are generally low, while the Zhujiang (Pearl) River basin and those in Southeast China are high. In terms of temporal variation, except for the lakes in Southwest China and inland river basins in which the chlorophyll a concentration is showing a decreasing trend, all other river basins are showing an increasing trend. The chlorophyll a concentration in Chinese lakes shows significant regional differences and temporal trends, which can mainly due to the factors such as regional climate, hydrological conditions, human activities, and land use particularities. Affected by warm and humid climate and strong human activities, the chlorophyll a concentration in lakes in the eastern China is relatively high, while those in the western China has lower temperatures and less precipitation, the chlorophyll a concentration is generally low. Over the past 40 years, due to the combined effects of urbanization, rapid industrialization, and global climate change, the overall concentration of chlorophyll a in Chinese lakes has shown a slow upward trend. |
| Key words: Chinese lakes remote sensing chlorophyll a temporal and spatial differentiation |
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