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菲律宾蛤仔“斑马蛤2号”筏式和底播养殖模式比较研究
田园¹, 金燕¹, 陈炜², 李翠翠¹, 王璠¹, 于欣¹, 车宗豪¹, 刘括¹, 梁腾¹, 霍忠明¹, 闫喜武¹
1.大连海洋大学辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心大连;2.大连海洋大学水产养殖学国家级实验教学示范中心

摘要:

为探究菲律宾蛤仔筏式养殖模式可行性,在我国北黄海首次开展了菲律宾蛤仔“斑马蛤2号”的筏式与底播养殖模式对比试验。对两种养殖方式的“斑马蛤2号”生长、存活、营养成分进行比较分析,结果表明,筏式养殖“斑马蛤2号”夏季(4-7月)壳长、壳高、壳宽、全湿重、软体重的绝对生长分别比底播养殖“斑马蛤2号”快118.18 %、89.09 %、78.26 %、80.57 %、63.64 %(P＜0.05)。筏式养殖“斑马蛤2号”存活率为90 %以上,显著高于底播养殖(P＜0.05)。两种养殖方式的“斑马蛤2号”水分、灰分、粗蛋白、糖原、脂肪酸等营养成分季节变化规律基本一致。筏式养殖“斑马蛤2号”冬季糖原、单不饱和脂肪酸含量明显高于底播养殖“斑马蛤2号”(P＜0.05)。本研究表明于当年10月采用多层聚乙烯网笼按密度为150粒/层-200粒/层放养菲律宾蛤仔“斑马蛤2号” 大规格苗种(平均壳长为2.37 cm、平均全湿重为2.99g),可于翌年的4月、7月、10月收获平均壳长为3.03 cm、3.36 cm、3.51 cm的市场规格“斑马蛤2号”。筏式养殖模式具有采捕方便、养殖产品不含砂、壳色美观、存活率高等优点。“斑马蛤2号”筏式养殖模式试验的成功对蛤仔产品走向高端市场,产业提质增效有重要意义。

关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔筏式养殖底播养殖生长存活营养成分

DOI：

分类号:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新项目，2019YFD0900704号，2018YFD0901404号；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助；辽宁省‘兴辽英才计划’项目，XLYC1807271号；辽宁省高等学校海洋产业技术研究院项目，2018-CY-31号；大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目，2017RQ062号

附件

COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH CONDITIONS AND NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF “ZC II” CULTURED IN EPEIRIC SEA USING TWO DIFFERENT MODELS, RAFT HANGING AND BOTTOM SOWING

TIAN Yuan¹, JIN Yan¹, CHEN Wei², Li Cui-Cui¹, Wang Fan¹, YU Xin¹, CHE Zong-Hao¹, LIU Kuo¹, LIANG Teng¹, HUO Zhong-Ming¹, YAN Xi-Wu¹

1.Dalian Ocean University,Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province;2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education,Dalian Ocean University

Abstract:

To investigate the feasibility of culturing the buried dwelling Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum on floating rafts, two different aquaculture models, raft hanging and bottom sowing, were compared with regard to culturing “ZC II” in North Yellow Sea in this study. Growth conditions, survival rates and nutritional components of the Manila clams cultured using these two aquaculture models were for the first time compared in four quarters. In terms of the absolute growth of shell length, shell width, shell height, total wet weight and soft body weight from April to July, values of the Manila clams cultured on floating rafts were 118.18 %, 89.09 %, 78.26 %, 80.57 % and 63.64 % higher than those of the bottom sown clams, respectively (p<0.05). In terms the seasonal variety pattern of the contents of water, ash, crude protein, glycogen and fatty acids, there was no significant difference between the clams cultured under the two different models. In terms of the contents of glycogen and fatty acids in winter, values of the floating rafts cultured “ZC II” were significantly higher than those of the bottom sown “ZC II2” (p<0.05). In October of current year, the large-size seedlings of “ZC II” (with a mean shell length of 2.37 cm and a mean total wet weight of 2.99 g) were sown onto the floating rafts in a density of 150-200 individuals per flat. The following year, clams harvested in April, July and October had mean shell lengths of 3.03 cm, 3.36 cm and 3.51 cm, respectively. Advantages of the raft hanging aquaculture model for Manila clam cultivation included, 1) easy capture; 2) generating sand-free products with aesthetic shell color, high survival rate and balanced nutrients. Successful cultivation of “ZC II” on floating rafts is of great importance for improving the commercial value of Manila clam as well as promoting the quality and efficacy of the Manila clam industry.

Key words: Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum raft hanging aquaculture bottom sowing aquaculture growth conditions nutritional components