| 摘要: |
| 山东近海浮游植物多样性很高，其中包括很多能够引发赤潮的赤潮物种。在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下，山东近海赤潮事件的规模越来越大，赤潮暴发频率也越来越高，给生态环境及人类健康带来负面影响，从而引起越来越大的关注。为了系统了解山东近海的赤潮物种多样性，评估潜在的赤潮暴发事件，本文对过去84年间(1936-2019年)完成的以山东近海浮游植物为研究对象的生态研究项目进行了全面的文献检索，并对文献报导的结果进行了整理和分析。这些生态研究项目基本都采用了基于形态特征的方法对浮游植物进行了物种鉴定。对检索到的119个生态研究项目的鉴定结果汇总得到659种浮游植物，其中包括155种赤潮物种，以硅藻(78种)和甲藻(67种)为主，还包括棕鞭藻(5种)、定鞭藻(2种)、隐藻(1种)、未定类的三深碎裂藻(Ebria tripartite)和红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)。鉴定频率最高的赤潮物种包括中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)和短角弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)。由于这些调查研究采用的基于形态特征的物种鉴定方法，对细胞尺寸较小、形态特征不显著以及固定过程中不稳定的物种往往做不到准确鉴定，且形态学鉴定还受到研究者经验的影响，因此，这些鉴定结果不能全部代表甚至可能严重低估了山东近海的赤潮物种多样性。在本文统计的155个赤潮物种中，只有118个物种的18S rDNA V4区序列得到解析，从而可以在宏条形码分析中可以得到鉴定。未来的研究应该将形态学方法与分子学方法结合起来，并且解析所有赤潮物种的分子标记(包括18S rDNA V4)序列，从而更好地跟踪山东近海的赤潮物种多样性及其时空动态分布，为赤潮预警预报提供依据。 |
| 关键词: 山东近海 航次调查 生物多样性 浮游植物 赤潮物种 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20230200031 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203700)；国家自然科学基金项目(42176162)；国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3105200)；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB42000000)。 |
附件 |
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| ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF RED TIDE SPECIES BIODIVERSITY IN SHANDONG COASTAL REGIONS |
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chennansheng, dingxiangxiang, cuizongmei
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CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao
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| Abstract: |
| Shandong coastal regions have high phytoplankton diversity, many of which are harmful algae bloom (HAB) species that could cause red tides. The interplay of climate changes and human activities has driven up the scale and frequency of red tide outbreaks in Shandong coastal regions, having negative effects on ecological environment and human health, thus attracting more and more attention. Here, we produced a comprehensive list of HAB species in Shandong coastal regions through phytoplankton ecological expeditions during 1936-2019 in Shandong coastal regions in order to systematically understand the diversity of HAB species and assess potential red tide events. These ecological studies basically adopted morphological methods to identify phytoplankton species. A total of 669 phytoplankton species were identified from 119 ecological surveys, among which 155 were HAB species, including Bacillariophyta (78) and Miozoa (67), as well as Ochrophyta (5), Haptophyta (2), Cryptista (1), Ebria tripartite and Mesodinium rubrum. The most frequently-identified HAB species included Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Noctiluca scintillans and Eucampia zodiacus. Since these studies mainly applied species identification based on morphological characteristics, results may not represent and even seriously underestimate the diversity of HAB species in Shandong coastal regions because species with small cell size, insignificant morphological characteristics and unstable immobilization process could not be accurately identified. Morphological methods are also influenced by researchers’ experience. In this paper, the 18S rDNA V4 region sequences of 118 HAB species were analyzed, which could be identified through metabarcoding methods. Future studies should combine morphological and molecular methods and analyse molecular markers (include 18S rDNA V4 region) of all HAB species, in order to better track the species diversity and spatial-temporal dynamics of red tide in Shandong coastal regions and to provide basis for red tide warning and forecast. |
| Key words: Shandong coastal regions expedition biodiversity phytoplankton HAB species |