| 摘要: |
| 为研究长江口日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗肠道菌群的结构与多样性特征，初步探究野生鳗鲡仔鱼的营养需求，分别采集浙江台州市、舟山大洋山市以及江苏盐城市邻近海域的玻璃鳗样品，利用16S rDNA扩增子测序技术，分析三个地点玻璃鳗肠道优势菌群及营养代谢相关的功能差异。结果显示，三个地点的玻璃鳗肠道菌群均以变形菌门（Proteobacteria, 68.7%-82.0%）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria, 4.2%-19.0%）为主要优势菌门。在属分类水平上，不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter, 12.4%-17.3%）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas, 8.07%-13.03%）丰度较高，属固定优势菌属。此外，每个地点样本中都含有丰富的独特细菌群，包括台州市的气单胞菌（Aeromonas）、舟山市的内生单胞属（Endozoicomonas）和丙酸杆菌（Cutibacterium）以及盐城市的嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）和稳杆菌属（Empedobacter），推测是受采样点不同水环境因素影响。不动杆菌、假单胞菌、内生单胞菌等菌属在多种鱼类肠道中有着消化蛋白质的功能，气单胞菌虽属于纤维素降解菌，也可分泌胞外蛋白酶，此外，通过对玻璃鳗肠道菌群进行功能预测发现，三个地点玻璃鳗菌群功能均以氨基酸的转运和代谢占比最高，推测玻璃鳗在洄游过程中可能摄取较多的蛋白质成分作为其饵料。本研究初步探明了我国近海野生玻璃鳗肠道微生物菌群的多样性组成，为研究野生鳗鲡仔鱼摄食习惯及食物组成提供依据，同时为日本鳗鲡人工繁殖仔稚鱼的饵料设计提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 河鳗 幼鱼 肠道菌群 微生物多样性 高通量测序 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20230300065 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:上海市科技兴农技术创新项目，编号：2020-02-08-00-10-F01471；国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目），编号：32072994 |
附件 |
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| Analysis of intestinal microflora of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) migrating in China offshore |
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Jiang Zhi Xin, Li Kang, Ba Xu Bing, Zeng Xiang Biao, Liu Li Ping
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Shanghai Ocean University
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| Abstract: |
| In order to study the structure and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of glass eels of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in the Yangtze River Estuary, and to investigate the nutritional requirements of wild glass eel, the samples were collected from the adjacent waters of Taizhou, Dayangshan in Zhejiang Province, and Yancheng in Jiangsu Province. Using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology, the dominant bacterial communities and functional differences related to nutrient metabolism in the glass eel intestines were analyzed at the three locations. The results showed that the intestinal bacterial community of glass eels at all three sites was dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which accounted for 68.7%-82.0% and 4.2%-19.0%, respectively. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the most abundant genera, accounting for 12.4%-17.3% and 8.07%-13.03%, respectively, and belonged to the fixed dominant genera. In addition, the samples of each site contain rich and unique bacterial groups, including Aeromonas in Taizhou’s samples, Endomonas and Propionibacterium in Zhoushan’s samples, and Psychrobacter and Emperobacter in Yancheng’s. It is speculated that different water environment factors at the sampling site led to their specific bacterial groups. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Endozoicomonas have protein-degrading functions in the intestines of various fish species. Aeromonas, although it is a cellulose-degrading bacterium, can also secrete extracellular proteases. Furthermore, it was found that the transport and metabolism of amino acids accounted for the highest proportion of the functions, through the functional prediction, which implies that glass eels could consume more protein-rich components as their food during migration. The present study initially investigated the diverse composition of the intestinal microbiota of wild glass eels in offshore China, which provides a basis for studying the feeding habits and food composition of wild eel, as well as a reference for the design of bait for the artificial breeding of Japanese eel. |
| Key words: Japanese eel larvae intestinal microbiota microbial diversity high-throughput sequencing |