| 摘要: |
| 针对海上溢油的短期风化过程，选取目前渤海区域油田主要生产的5种典型的油品进行了短期风化过程的实验分析，以探讨蒸发、乳化和沉潜作用对油品的具体影响。实验结果显示，油膜厚度、风速和温度显著影响蒸发过程，而乳化物的形成及其稳定性则与胶质和沥青质的含量紧密相关。蒸发过程主要引发油品密度的变化，乳化过程则对油品的密度和粘度均造成显著影响。特别值得注意的是，在高温区间内，温度对蒸发率的影响呈现出相对减弱的趋势，且船舶燃油和10号柴油的蒸发率对风速的变化表现出更高的敏感性。此外，低粘度油品的沉潜过程主要受小粒径悬浮颗粒物的影响，而大粒径颗粒物则更易促进高粘度油品的沉潜。基于上述实验数据，建立了经验公式，用以量化蒸发率、乳化率和沉潜率与环境因素及油品性质之间的关联，公式在描述油膜厚度、风速和温度对风化过程的影响时，拟合度R2基本可以达到0.9。这些实验结果和经验公式为预测海上溢油行为提供了有力的工具，有助于制定更为精准的溢油应急处理策略。 |
| 关键词: 海洋溢油 风化过程 蒸发 乳化 沉潜 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20240300074 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:基于初级生产力驱动的黄河口海洋生态系统关键服务功能演变趋势预测研究项目，CF-MEEC/TR/2024-5；自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室开放基金项目，2023109号 |
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| Experimental study on the short-term weathering process of typical oil products in the Bohai Sea |
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xu jiangling1, liu guiyan1, feng jie1, bi fan1, li yifei1, cao ruichen1, lv xianqing2
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1.North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources;2.Ocean University of China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the short-term weathering process of oil spills at sea, five typical oil products currently produced by oil fields in the Bohai Sea were selected for experimental analysis of the short-term weathering process to explore the specific effects of evaporation, emulsification, and submergence on oil products. The experimental results showed that the thickness of the oil film, wind speed, and temperature significantly affect the evaporation process, while the formation and stability of emulsified substances are closely related to the content of colloids and asphaltenes. The evaporation process mainly causes changes in oil density, while the emulsification process significantly affects both oil density and viscosity. It is particularly noteworthy that in the high temperature range, the effect of temperature on evaporation rate shows a relatively weakening trend, and the evaporation rates of marine fuel oil and No. 10 diesel exhibit higher sensitivity to changes in wind speed. In addition, the submergence process of low-viscosity oil products is mainly affected by small-sized suspended particles, while large-sized particles are more likely to promote the submergence of high-viscosity oil products. Based on the experimental data, empirical equations were established to describe the correlation between evaporation rate, emulsification rate, and submergence rate with environmental factors and oil product properties. The empirical equations achieve a good fit, with an R-squared value of approximately 0.9 when describing the effects of oil film thickness, wind speed, and temperature on the weathering process, indicating high accuracy. These experimental results and empirical formulas provide a powerful tool for predicting oil spill behavior at sea, which is helpful for developing more accurate emergency response strategies for oil spills. |
| Key words: marine oil spill weathering process evaporation emulsification submergence |