| 摘要: |
| 鲎,作为生物进化史上的活化石,是一种极其珍贵的自然资源。近年来,人为因素导致鲎栖息地丧失日益严重。本研究运用MaxEnt模型对中国鲎与圆尾鲎在全球范围内的潜在栖息地进行了全面评估,并深入分析了它们的生态位特征。通过整合地理分布数据与环境变量,构建了高精度的生态位模型(中国鲎训练集AUC值为0.9963,测试集AUC值为0.9958；圆尾鲎训练集AUC值为0.9980,测试集AUC值为0.9972)。研究结果显示,中国鲎与圆尾鲎的潜在栖息地分布存在显著差异,且均受到多种环境因素(水深、最小叶绿素a含量和离岸距离等)的共同影响。影响中国鲎潜在栖息地的关键环境因子贡献率为：水深(29.75%)>最小叶绿素a含量(23.98%)>离岸距离(13.49%),而影响圆尾鲎潜在栖息地的关键环境因子贡献率为：最小叶绿素a含量(55.85%)> 离岸距离(14.28%)>水深(10.03%)。多重生态位图揭示了中国鲎与圆尾鲎的生态位重叠程度较高(Schoener"s D = 47.2%),中国鲎显示了较宽的生态位。中国鲎更倾向于分布在更深的海域,而圆尾鲎则偏好更为初级生产力更丰富的近岸海域。生态位特征分析进一步揭示了两种鲎类在资源利用和适应环境策略上的不同。本研究不仅为鲎类资源的保护与管理提供了科学依据,也为未来海洋生物多样性保护策略的制定奠定了理论基础。 |
| 关键词: 中国鲎，圆尾鲎，潜在栖息地，生态位重叠，生物多样性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q958 |
| 基金项目:2024年广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2024KQNCX134)；2024 年省级人才发展战略专项资金项目（2024R3005）；广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设项目（2021B1212050025）；广东海洋大学科研启动费资助项目(060302022312)；国家自然科学基金(31972794) |
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| Assessment of potential habitats and analysis of niche characteristics for tachypleus tridentatus and carcinoscorpius rotundicauda using the maxent model |
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Liao Jian1, Li Yiyang1, Zhang Shuiyuan1, Yang Yuanfeng1, Xiong Chunhui2, Xiao Shaojun3, WANG Zhong-Duo4, Guo Yusong4
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1.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Economic Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University;2.广东海洋大学 水产学院 南海水产经济动物增养殖广东普通高校重点实验室 广东湛江 524088;3.Guangdong Lianshan Bijiashan provincial Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Qingyuan 513200, China;4.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Economic Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
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| Abstract: |
| Horseshoe crabs, living fossils in the history of biological evolution, represent an extremely precious natural resource. In recent years, human-induced habitat loss for horseshoe crabs has become increasingly severe. This study comprehensively assessed the potential habitats of Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda globally using the MaxEnt model and conducted an in-depth analysis of their niche characteristics. By integrating geographical distribution data with environmental variables, high-precision niche models were developed (AUC value for the training set of T. tridentatus: 0.9963, AUC value for the test set: 0.9958; AUC value for the training set of C. rotundicauda: 0.9980, AUC value for the test set: 0.9972). The results indicated significant differences in the distribution of potential habitats between T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, both of which are jointly influenced by multiple environmental factors such as water depth, minimum chlorophyll-a concentration, and distance from the shore. The contribution rates of key environmental factors affecting the potential habitat of T. tridentatus were: water depth (29.75%) > minimum chlorophyll-a concentration (23.98%) > distance from the shore (13.49%), while for C. rotundicauda, the key factors were: minimum chlorophyll-a concentration (55.85%) > distance from the shore (14.28%) > water depth (10.03%). Multiple niche plots revealed a high degree of niche overlap between T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda (Schoener"s D = 47.2%), with T. tridentatus displaying a broader niche. T. tridentatus tends to be distributed in deeper waters, while C. rotundicauda prefers coastal waters with richer primary productivity. Analysis of niche characteristics further revealed differences in resource utilization and environmental adaptation strategies between the two species. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the conservation and management of horseshoe crab resources but also lays a theoretical foundation for the formulation of future marine biodiversity conservation strategies. |
| Key words: Tachypleus tridentatus, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, potential habitats, niche overlap, biodiversity |