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| 福建沿岸春季游泳动物幼体时空动态及休渔期优化探讨 |
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惠亚鹏1, 李军1, 王家樵1, 吉芬芬1, 刘凯1, 刘贤德1, 冯世龙1, 林琳1, 王旭1, 马超2, 蔡建堤2, 叶孙忠2, 黄良敏1
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1.集美大学水产学院;2.福建省水产研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 沿岸海域作为渔业资源的核心育幼场，正面临高强度捕捞与生境扰动的双重胁迫。因此，精准解析游泳动物幼体的时空动态是当前优化休渔制度和实施早期资源适应性管理的迫切需求。基于2025年3至4月福建沿岸海域8个站位的定置张网调查数据，运用相对重要性指数(IRI)、丰度-生物量比较曲线及非度量多维标度等统计方法，分析该海域春季游泳动物幼体的群落结构与空间分布格局。调查共鉴定出游泳动物219种，测定主要经济种类及优势种幼体5330尾 (隶属32科50属56种)。结果显示，二长棘犁齿鲷 (Evynnis cardinalis)为该海域春季群落的绝对优势种；幼体群落呈现显著的空间异质性，清晰分化为以定居性物种主导的闽北群落和以暖水性洄游物种主导的闽中南群落。上述空间分化特征证实福建海域现行休渔制度区域划分的科学性。然而，鉴于3-4月期间观测到的幼体补充脉冲，现行5月1日起始的休渔期在时间维度上对早期资源的保护存在一定局限性。此外，该时期的定置张网作业极易加剧生长型过度捕捞的风险。因此，基于预防性养护原则，初步建议将定置张网等非选择性渔具的休渔起始时间适度提前至4月。未来，需依托覆盖全年及更长时序监测，系统评估物候错配对资源补充的长期影响，进而构建更为科学、完善的适应性时空管理框架。 |
| 关键词: 游泳动物幼体 张网 休渔期 福建沿海 群落结构 时空动态 |
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| SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF NEKTON JUVENILES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF FUJIAN IN SPRING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE FISHING MORATORIUM |
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Hui Ya-peng1, Li Jun1, Wang jia-qiao1, Ji Fen-fen1, Liu Kai1, Liu Xian-de1, Feng-Shi long1, Lin Lin1, Wang Xu1, Ma Chao2, Cai Jian-di2, Ye Sun-zhong2, Huang Liang-min1
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1.Fisheries College, Jimei University;2.Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province
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| Abstract: |
| As core nursery grounds for fishery resources, coastal waters are currently facing the dual threats of high-intensity fishing and habitat disturbance. Therefore, accurately resolving the spatio-temporal dynamics of nekton juveniles has become an urgent need for optimizing the fishing moratorium system and implementing adaptive management of early-stage resources.Based on stow net survey data from eight stations in the coastal waters of Fujian during March and April 2025, statistical methods including the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) curves, and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) were employed to analyze the community structure and spatial distribution patterns of spring nekton juveniles. A total of 219 nekton species were identified, and 5,330 individuals of major economic and dominant juvenile species (comprising 56 species, 50 genera, and 32 families) were measured. The results indicated that Evynnis cardinalis was the absolute dominant species in the spring community. The juvenile community exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, clearly differentiating into a northern Fujian community dominated by resident species and a central-southern Fujian community dominated by warm-water migratory species. These spatial differentiation characteristics confirm the scientific validity of the regional division in Fujian''s current fishing moratorium system. However, temporally, given the larval recruitment pulses observed in March and April, the current fishing moratorium commencing on May 1st exhibits limitations in protecting early-stage resources. Furthermore, stow net operations during this period significantly exacerbate the risk of growth overfishing. Therefore, based on the precautionary principle, it is preliminarily suggested to explore the feasibility of advancing the start date of the moratorium for non-selective gears, such as stow nets, to April. Future efforts should rely on year-round, long-term monitoring to systematically evaluate the long-term impacts of phenological mismatch on resource recruitment, thereby facilitating the development of a more robust and adaptive spatio-temporal management framework. |
| Key words: nekton juveniles stow net fishing moratorium coastal waters of Fujian community structure spatio-temporal dynamic |