| 摘要: |
| 为探究中国近海大型水母分布格局差异的种间关系驱动机制,本研究在实验室条件下,系统研究了海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)与海月水母(Aurelia coerulea)在不同生活史阶段下的双向捕食关系以及在碟状体和幼水母体阶段竞争关系对不同饵料种类的响应。结果表明,海蜇与海月水母之间存在受发育阶段和相对体型调控,包含双向捕食与食物资源竞争的动态关系。海月水母可对体型小于自身的海蜇产生持续捕食压力,对海蜇幼体的捕食率随自身直径增大而增加；小于20 mm的海蜇面临较高被食风险,且捕食方向仅在特定发育窗口(海蜇处于稚蜇期且体型占优时)发生反转。碟状体阶段,海月水母对以小型桡足类为主的天然浮游动物饵料具有绝对竞争优势。幼水母体阶段则是海蜇通过高食物需求对海月水母的摄食造成干扰。综上,海蜇与海月水母的种间关系反映出根口水母与旗口水母不同的生活史对策与生态位策略,这为解释大型水母差异化分布格局提供了新的种间视角与实验证据。 |
| 关键词: 大型水母 种间竞争 捕食关系 碟状体 幼水母体 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| THE INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RHOPILEMA ESCULENTUM AND AURELIA COERULEA AT DIFFERENT LIFE HISTORY STAGES |
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Yang Yang1,2, Sun Song1,2
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1.Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the interspecific interaction mechanisms driving the differential distribution patterns of giant jellyfish in the coastal waters of China, this study systematically examined, under laboratory conditions, the bidirectional predation between Rhopilema esculentum and Aurelia coerulea at different life history stages, as well as the response of their competition at the ephyra and juvenile medusa stages to different prey types. The results showed that a dynamic relationship, involving bidirectional predation and food competition regulated by developmental stage and relative body size, exists between R. esculentum and A. coerulea. A. coerulea exerted continuous predation pressure on smaller R. esculentum, with predation rates increasing as its diameter increased. R. esculentum smaller than 20 mm faced a high risk of predation, and predation only reversed direction within a specific developmental window: when R. esculentum was in the early medusae stage and had a body size advantage. Food competition depended heavily on life stage. At the ephyrae stage, A. coerulea had an absolute competitive advantage over prey consisting mainly of small copepods. However, at the young medusae stage, R. esculentum interfered with the feeding of A. coerulea due to its high food demand. In summary, the interspecific relationship between R. esculentum and A. coerulea reflects the distinct life history strategies between rhizostome and semaeostome jellyfish, providing a new interspecific perspective and experimental evidence for explaining the differential distribution patterns of large jellyfish. |
| Key words: large jellyfish interspecific competition predation relationship ephyrae young medusae |