| 摘要: |
| 随着海上光伏的规模化发展，其潜在环境效应日益受到关注。光伏组件在发电过程中会将大量能量以热量形式释放至空气和水体，从而改变局地海气界面能量平衡并影响海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature，SST)。SST 是调控海洋生态过程的重要环境因子，其变化可能进一步影响海洋生物生长及海水养殖产量。然而，现有研究多集中于光伏板遮挡水域，对邻近海域热环境影响的空间范围与程度仍缺乏系统研究。研究以莱州湾招远海域中国首个大规模近海桩基固定式海上光伏项目——中广核 400 MW 海上光伏电站为研究对象，基于多景 Landsat 8/9 数据，利用统计单窗算法反演不同建设阶段海域 SST，分析光伏电站对周边海域 SST 的影响范围、强度及其季节变化特征。结果表明，光伏电站周围海域存在明显增温效应，影响范围约 450 m，其中 270 m 内温差达到极显著水平(p < 0.01)。与对照区相比，270 m 内 SST 平均升高 0.16 ℃，且温差随距离增加逐渐减弱。季节差异明显，春季最显著，其次为夏季和秋季，冬季最弱。研究结果为后续划定海上光伏电站生态监测范围提供科学依据，也为未来优化光伏设计提供了关键参数。 |
| 关键词: 海上光伏 海表温度 增温效应 季节变化 |
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| Impact of offshore photovoltaic power plants on sea surface temperature |
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Zhao Danlan1, Xu Zhenhua1, Yang Yuxing1, Zhang Peiwen1, You Jia1, Zhou Yuankai1, Jiang Tao2
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所;2.Yantai University
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| Abstract: |
| With the rapid expansion of offshore photovoltaic (PV) development, its potential environmental effects have attracted increasing attention. During power generation, PV modules release a large portion of absorbed solar energy as heat into the atmosphere and surrounding water, thereby altering the local air–sea energy balance and affecting Sea Surface Temperature (SST). SST is an important environmental factor regulating marine ecological processes, and its variation may further influence the growth of marine organisms and the productivity of mariculture systems. However, existing studies mainly focus on the water area directly shaded by PV panels, while the spatial extent and magnitude of thermal impacts on adjacent waters remain insufficiently understood. This study focuses on the CGN 400 MW offshore photovoltaic power plant located in the Zhaoyuan coastal waters of Laizhou Bay, the first large-scale nearshore pile-fixed offshore photovoltaic project in China. Based on multi-temporal Landsat 8/9 data, SST in different construction stages was retrieved using the Statistical Mono-window Algorithm, and the spatial extent, intensity, and seasonal characteristics of the PV-induced SST changes were analyzed. The results show a clear warming effect in the waters surrounding the offshore PV power plant, with an influence range of approximately 450 m, among which the temperature difference within 270 m reaches an extremely significant level (p < 0.01). Compared with the control area, the average SST within 270 m increased by 0.16 °C, and the temperature difference gradually decreased with increasing distance from the PV arrays. The warming effect also shows clear seasonal variability, being most pronounced in spring, followed by autumn and summer, and weakest in winter. These results provide a scientific basis for defining ecological monitoring ranges for offshore photovoltaic power plants and offer key parameters for future optimization of PV design. |
| Key words: offshore photovoltaic sea surface temperature warming effect seasonal variation |