| 摘要: |
| 基于北极海域脆弱的生态环境特点, 为了将溢油污染危害降至最低, 以FLUENT 为研究平台,建立多项因素共同作用下的船舶溢油模型, 分析溢油在有冰海域中的运动特点。结果表明; 当冰盖存在时溢油会黏附于冰的下表面, 扩散范围小于相同温度下自由海面上的油膜扩散范围; 部分溢油会被卷吸到冰盖表面并继续迁移, 加速了冰盖的融化; 溢油点距离冰盖较近时造成的污染范围小于较远时的污染范围。以此为基础对冰区溢油防治措施的应用进行探讨, 提出可在冰区采用围油栏与积冰联合围控、在积冰较多海水中喷洒消油剂以及在距离北极大陆较远海域使用燃烧法等应急措施来控制溢油污染, 有助于我国北极通航环境管理办法的制定。 |
| 关键词: 北极 船舶通航 溢油污染 数值预测 |
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| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2011QN052) |
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| Forecast and emergency response of oil spill on the arctic shipping route |
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the fragile ecosystem of arctic environment, the oil spill pollution in arctic shipping route was discussed. The simulation of oil spill in ice waters was built by FLUENT. The movement characteristics of oil spill in ice waters were analyzed. The results showed that the oil adhered to the ice lower surface easily, while its diffusion area was less than that on the free sea surface at the same temperature; some oil was entrained to the ice upper surface and was further transported, which accelerated the ice melting. The pollution area caused by oil spill near the ice sheet was less than that caused by oil spill far away from the ice sheet. In view of the data, the prevention and treatment methods of oil spill were discussed. The containing combination of boom and pack ice, spraying oil dispersant in icy waters and burning oil in the sea far away from arctic continent were suggested for the arctic sea waters, which could help China to establish the environment management methods for fragile ecosystem. |
| Key words: arctic shipping rout oil spill pollution simulation forecast |
