| 摘要: |
| 2007～2009 年, 利用深井水及设有钢架保温大棚的土池成功进行了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)的亲鱼培育与人工繁殖的研究, 同时观察了美洲鲥的胚胎发育过程。结果表明: 2 龄美洲鲥在池塘中经专池培育并采用激素+不饱和脂肪酸+维生素E 投喂、水流刺激等培育措施使雌雄鱼的性腺成熟率达60%～80%。性腺成熟的亲鱼经生态调控促使产卵或人工催产繁殖, 生态调控促使产卵中水温保持在16～23℃, 池水始终保持流动状态, 50 对美洲鲥亲鱼自4 月中下旬至5 月底陆续产卵, 共收集鱼卵9.0万粒, 平均受精率10%, 孵化率70%～80%; 人工催产试验中, 采用LHRH-A2+鱼类催产助剂、LHRH-A2+HCG+DOM+鱼类催产助剂和LHRH-A2+HCG+鱼类催产助剂3 种催产剂配伍, 背鳍基部两针注射法, 催产率20%～100%, 获卵10.57 万粒, 受精率0～21.5%, 孵化率0～70%。美洲鲥受精卵呈卵圆形, 卵膜径为(4.03±0.25)mm, 根据胚胎的外形与内部主要特征, 胚胎发育分为7 个生理阶段30 个具体发育时期, 在水温(20±1)℃下, 历时约71 h40 min 完成整个胚胎发育过程。 |
| 关键词: 美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima) 人工繁殖 胚胎发育 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD26B05); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心)资助项目(2009JBFA01) |
|
| Artificial propagation and embryonic development of American Shad, Alosa sapidissima |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| From 2007 to 2009, preliminary success was achieved in Alosa sapidissima artificial breeding and reproduction by using phreatic water and earthen ponds with arch-steel shelters. Here we describe the complete embryonic development of A. sapidissima in detail. The results showed that the maturation rate of gonad in two-year-old male and female A. sapidissima could reached 60%～80% by feeding of hormone, unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E as well as water flow stimulation in special rearing ponds. The reproduction of sexually mature fish could be conducted by ecological control or artificial insemination. The temperature of continuous-flow water was maintained at 16～23 °C under ecological condition. From the middle ten days of April to the last ten-day period of May, a total of 90 000 fish eggs were harvested from 50 fish with the average fertility rate of 10% and the hatching rate of 70%～80%. Additionally, sexually mature fish were artificially induced to release gameters by intramuscular injection of LHRH-A2 and induced hormone or LHRH-A2, HCG, DOM, and induced hormone, or LHRH-A2, HCG and induced hormone. A total of 105 700 eggs were obtained, and the fertility rate and hatching rate were 0～21.5% and 0～70%, respectively. Fully mature eggs were perfectly spherical and egg diameter was 4.03±0.25 mm. In the present study, embryonic development can be divided into seven periods and thirty stages. The incubation period for A. sapidissima was 71 h and 40 min at a water temperature of 20oC. ± 1oC. |
| Key words: Alosa sapidissima artificial propagation embryo development |
