| 摘要: |
| 在封闭循环水养殖条件下, 选用体质量为(145.08±0.56)g 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus L.)幼鱼,进行4 种蛋白质梯度水平(41%、46%、50%、55%, 即I、II、III、IV 组)的单因素试验74 d, 研究蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大菱鲆生长、消化酶、免疫机能的影响。结果表明: (1) 试验鱼增质量率随日粮蛋白质含量升高而提高, 中高蛋白水平(III、IV 组)增质量率分别极显著或显著高于I、II 组18.46%~65.75%,III、IV 组间无显著差异; 饲料系数则相应下降, III、IV 组分别极显著低于I 组21.15%~27.73%(P<0.01),II、III、IV 组间无显著差异;(2)大菱鲆胃肠、肝胰脏的蛋白酶活力随蛋白水平升高而显著增强, 其中IV组胃蛋白酶活力分别极显著高于其他组15.28%~31.96% (P<0.01), 肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活力分别显著或极显著高于其他组9.74%~26.29%; 胃肠淀粉酶、肝胰脏淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性受饲料蛋白水平影响不显著;(3)随日粮蛋白含量提高, 各试组鱼成活率与主要免疫器官溶菌酶活力呈先上升后缓降的趋势, III 组最优, 其成活率高于低、高蛋白水平组2.86%~9.34%, 但4 组间差异不显著; 肝脏溶菌酶活力分别极显著高于I 组80.07%(P< 0.01), 显著高于II 组43.56%(P< 0.05); 头肾溶菌酶活力极显著高于I、II 组67.78%和35.76%(P< 0.01); 与IV 组差异不显著;(4)血清ACP 及LYZ 活力随日粮蛋白水平提高先升后降, III组LYZ 活力极显著高于I 组31.92%(P< 0.01), 显著高于II 组18.72%(P< 0.05); 血MDA 随蛋白水平提高显著降低, IV 组分别极显著低于I、II、III 组13.26%~31.61%; 血清SOD 活力及C3 补体含量随日粮蛋白含量增加而提高, 但各组间差异不显著。结果表明, 日粮中、高蛋白质含量显著促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能和蛋白质消化酶活力, 而中等蛋白水平更加有利于幼鱼重要免疫机能的发挥和成活率的提高。因而, 日粮中等蛋白质含量更适宜于工业化循环水养殖大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质营养和健康生长。 |
| 关键词: 蛋白质 生长 消化 免疫 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus L.) 封闭循环水 |
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| 基金项目:十二五国家科技支撑计划资助项目(201113AD13B07); 中国科学院院地合作资助项目(Y12530101L) |
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| The effect of protein on growth, digestion and immunity of Turbot (Scophthatmus maximus L.) in industrial culture |
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| Abstract: |
| Effects of dietary protein on growth, digestive enzymes and immunity activity of turbot were investigated in closed recirculation aquaculture system. Fish with a mean initial weight of (145.08±0.56) g were feed with four different feeds (41%, 46%, 50%, and 55%, with I, II, III, and IV groups) for 74 days. The results indicated: (1) Weight gain rates were increasing rapidly first and then slowly with increased dietary protein level, while food conversion rates showed a reverse pattern. The weight gains of groups III, IV were significantly higher than groups I, II by 18.46%—65.75%, while feed conversion rates were lower than group I by 21.15%—27.73% (P< 0.01); (2) The gastrointestinal and hepatopancreas protease activity enhanced rapidly with dietary protein level increasing. Gastrointestinal and hepatopancreas protease activities of fish in group IV were significantly higher than groups I, II, III by 15.28%—31.96% and 9.74%—26.29% respectively (P< 0.01). While amylase and lipase specific activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas were not influenced by dietary protein level (P> 0.05); (3) Along with the dietary protein from 41%—50%, fish’s survival rate and major organ lysozyme vitality of turbot were increasing, but when the level went to 55% indicators decreased. The group III, its survival rate was higher than other groups’ by 2.86%—9.34% but not significantly (P> 0.05); its lysozyme vitality in liver was higher than group I by 80.07% significantly (P< 0.01) and higher than group II by 43.56% (P< 0.05); its lysozyme vitality in head kidney was significantly higher than group I, II by 67.78% and 35.76% (P< 0.01) respectively; (4) Serum lysozyme and ACP activity were increasing along with the level of dietary protein at first and then decreased, fish’s serum lysozyme activity in group III was significantly higher than group I by 31.92% (P<0.01) and higher than group II by 18.72% (P<0.05); Serum MDA content with protein levels decreased significantly, the parameters of group IV were significantly lower than group I, II, III by 13.26%—31.61%; serum SOD activity and C3 levels increased with dietary protein content, but the differences between the groups were not significant. The results showed that the medium and high dietary protein content was significantly promote the growth performance of juvenile turbot and proteinase activity, while the medium protein level was more conducive to turbot immune function and survival rate; therefore, medium dietary protein content was more suitable for industrial recirculating cultured juvenile turbot’s rapid and healthy growth. |
| Key words: Protein growth digestive enzyme immunity turbot(Scophthatmus maximus L.) recirculating aquaculture system |
