| 摘要: |
| 通过对具有代表性的两种原油和两种船用燃油进行340 d 的室外模拟风化模拟实验, 运用GC-FID 法和同步荧光光谱法对海水中风化的漂浮油和沉底油的特性进行分析, 为沉底油溯源提供相关依据, 以此完善海上溢油事故的监管工作。结果表明: 4 种实验油品的漂浮油和沉底油荧光光谱差别不大, 因此可以用荧光光谱法初步测定沉底油的风化时间; 沉底油受蒸发、光解等影响弱于漂浮油, 其GC 可保持低碳组分峰形, 并且由于生物降解, 沉底油的气相谱图中均出现不可分辨的复杂混合物(UCM)的特征图谱, 可以作为判断是否沉底的判据; 两种方法相结合, 可以建立一种确定溢油时间、风化经历及方法, 以便对溢油进行更准确的溯源。 |
| 关键词: 长期风化 沉底油 气相色谱 荧光特性 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20130530004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:交通部河北海事局科研基金项目 |
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| Weathering characteristics and identification method for sunken oils in seawater |
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| Abstract: |
| The long-term outdoor weathering simulation experiments on two types of crude oils and two types of fuel oils were conducted for almost a year. Both floating oil and sunken oil in the seawater were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry, aiming at tracing spilled oil and perfecting the supervision over oil spill in the ocean. The results showed little difference between floating oil and sunken oil’s fluorescence spectra, so the fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to determine the weathering time the sunken oil has experienced. Sunken oil suffers weaker evaporation and photolysis processes than floating oil and maintains GC peaks of low carbon components, and there is also feature of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) for biodegradation. All of these can be used to judge whether the spill oil has sunken. A method can be established to determine oil spill weathering time and progresses through combining the two analysis technologies, leading to a more accurate tracing of the oil spill. |
| Key words: Long-term weathering Sunken oil Gas chromatography Fluorescent characteristics |
