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| 水环境中的信息有机物与“水域生态讯息学”的提出 |
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张 倩1,2, 宋金明1,2,3, 李学刚1,2,3, 袁华茂1,2,3, 李 宁1,2,3, 段丽琴1,2,3, 曲宝晓1,2,3, 康绪明1,2,3
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1.中国科学院 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室(中国科学院海洋研究所);2.中国科学院大学;3.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 信息有机物(或化感物质)系指存在于自然环境, 对生物物种或生物类群生存和生长有促进或抑制作用, 并能通过调控生物丰度与群落结构来影响生态系统和生态环境的微痕量有机物。目前已知的信息有机物大多是分子质量小于104Da的醇、酚、萜、酯、多肽等小分子物质, 它们随水体迁移扩散,通过控制酶活性或光合系统等途径影响目标生物生存生长, 作用强度受微生物分解和营养水平等多种因素影响。水体中信息有机物一般是通过有机溶剂萃取或固相萃取富集后用色质联用鉴定结构并测定含量。本文系统总结了近年来水环境中信息有机物及其检测方法的主要研究进展, 归纳总结了高效灵敏的水体信息有机物检测方法, 阐述了水环境中信息有机物种类、结构、作用机制及其对水域生态学的意义, 在此基础上, 提出了“水域生态讯息学”的新概念, 诠释了“水域生态讯息学”的内涵, 这对于拓展生态学研究内容, 揭示水生生物学发生机制, 持续利用水生生物资源具有重要的科学意义和实际价值。 |
| 关键词: 信息有机物 检测方法 水域生态讯息学 水环境 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20160620002 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No.41376092); 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室“鳌山人才”计划项目(No.2015ASTP-OS13) |
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| Informational organic matter in aquatic environments and new concept of “Aquatic Ecoinformatics” |
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ZHANG Qian,SONG Jin-ming,LI Xue-gang,YUAN Hua-mao,LI Ning,DUAN Li-qin,QU Bao-xiao,KANG Xu-ming
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| Abstract: |
| Informational organic matter (or allelochemicals) is trace organic matter that exerts a biochemical informational effect (both stimulatory and inhibitory) on the life and growth of organism species or biological taxa and that affect the ecosystem and eco-environment by controlling and regulating biological abundance and community structure. In the aquatic environment, the informational effects of this organic matter are readily found. Pelagic algae and cyanobacteria may use informational active compounds to outcompete other species, to gain dominance over predecessors, or to influence the type of conspecifics and successors. In marine ecosystems, informational in teractions may occur between phytoplankton species or in benthic areas where macroalgae, corals, and a few species of angiosperms are present. Informational interaction between planktonic algae has been described mainly when bloom-forming microalgae have been involved. Informational organic matter in aquatic environments may provide a competitive advantage to angiosperms, algae, or cyanobacteria via their interaction with other primary producers. Most informational organic matter known to date are low-weight molecules of less than 104 Da. Their chemical classifications vary, including alcohol, phenol, terpene, acid, ester, and amide. Aquatic informational organic matter, in particular, must be sufficiently hydrophilic to reach their target organisms in effective concentrations despite considerable dilution. Informational organic matter exists in the natural environment. Some are produced by the metabolism of organisms. Others are generated by human activity. Aquatic informational organic matter often targets multiple physiological processes. By relocating and diffusing with the migration of water, these small molecules affect the growth and survival of target organisms by controlling their enzyme activities or influencing their photosystemic functions. The intensity of their informational effects is dependent on numerous factors, including the microbial decomposition of informational bioactive substances and the nutrient content and proportions in their living environment. Informational interactions seem to be enhanced under abiotic or biotic stress. Informational organic matter in the aquatic environment is usually enriched by solvent extraction or solid-phase extraction (SPE) and can be identified and quantified by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technology, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this review, we systematically summarize recent research progress in informational organic matter as well as related determination methods. We discuss the importance to aquatic ecology of establishing an efficient and sensitive analysis method for identifying the chemical compositions and structures of informational organic matter in the aquatic environment and we investigate the mechanisms by which informational organic matter affects target organisms. In addition, we propose the concept of “aquatic ecoinformatics.” This topic has great scientific significance for expanding the scope of ecology research and for further revealing hydrobiology mechanisms. Also of crucial practical value is the relevance of aquatic ecoinformatics to the sustainable utilization of aquatic biological resources. |
| Key words: Informational organic matter determination aquatic ecoinformatics aquatic environment |
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