| 摘要: |
| 为了解模式生物种海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育特征, 作者培育30日龄的海水青鳉,收集自然受精卵, 在水温26～28℃、盐度27～28条件下, 静水孵化。利用奥林巴斯SZ61解剖镜对海水青鳉胚胎发育进行了观察研究。结果表明: 海水青鳉受精卵为圆球形端黄卵, 多油球, 沉性, 卵膜上具有绒毛膜和纤维丝。和多数硬骨相似, 胚胎发育的过程大致可以分为7个期: 胚盘形成期、细胞分裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、器官形成期、肌肉效应期和孵化期。并发现海水青鳉胚胎发育有其特征: 早期分裂具有不规则现象; 仔鱼以尾部破膜先出的方式孵化; 柯氏囊出现在原口关闭前, 少数个体具有两个柯氏囊。 |
| 关键词: 海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma) 胚胎发育 柯氏囊 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx2016062003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31101916); 山东省农业良种工程项目(2014-2016); 山东半岛近岸海域生态模拟实验研究项目 |
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| Observation of embryonic development of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma |
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WANG You-hong,LIU Hong-jun,YU Dao-de,LI Yu-quan,GUAN Shu-guang,LIU Ying
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| Abstract: |
| This study aims to observe the embryonic development characteristics of marine medaka. As a promising model, Oryzias melastigma was cultivated 30 days after hatching as broodstock and naturally fertilized eggs were collected. The fertilized eggs were incubated in filtered sea water at 26–28℃ and at 32–33 salinity without ventilation. The ontogenetic embryos of O. melastigma were observed using an Olympus SZ-61 microscope. The total development time of every stage was noted and calculated; characteristic images were taken using a digital camera. The results show that the fertilized eggs were globular, multiple oil globules, or demersal. The outermost structure of the egg was covered with a number of short villi and long attaching filaments. The embryonic development includes various stages such as the blastodisc, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organogenesis, tail bud, heart beating, and hatching. Significant differences between O. melastigma were observed, which are as follows: (1) Irregular blastomeres occurred in early cleavage; (2) The way of hatching was tail-first escaping from the chorion; (3) Two Kupffer, s vesicles appeared in some embryos. |
| Key words: marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryonic development Kupffer, s vesicle |
