| 摘要: |
| 近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）为广温、广盐分布的河口区大型种，曾在中国南北方河口区都有分布。由于近岸河口环境的变化，在中国北方河口区一度难以寻觅，甚至被认为濒临灭绝。利用黄河三角洲区域滨州、东营主要河口近江牡蛎资源，借助南方丰富的淡水资源，在福建宁德迅速开展了近江牡蛎的规模化人工育苗工作，总计获得了1092万粒种苗。在近江牡蛎原产地滨州进行中间培养及海上养成，在长牡蛎主养海区山东乳山进行转场育肥试养并获得初步成功。与同期养殖的长牡蛎相比，近江牡蛎的氨基酸种类及含量无明显差异，且生长速度快，这些特点将有助于推动其成为我国北方沿海的牡蛎养殖新品种。规模化育苗及养殖还有助于降低对野生近江牡蛎资源的采捕需求，对其资源的保护、牡蛎礁的恢复重构能够起到促进作用。 |
| 关键词: 近江牡蛎、人工育苗、规模化、养成、牡蛎礁 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA23050402），国家贝类产业技术体系（CARS-49) |
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| Large-scale Artificial Reproduction of Jinjiang oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) and Cultivation |
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wangwei1, Li Li1, Li Ao1, Wang Chong2, Sun Tongqiu2, Zhang Guofan1
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Binzhou Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute
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| Abstract: |
| Jinjiang oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis is mostly found in rivers and estuaries with relative low salinities ranging between 10 to 25 ppt. Jinjiang oyster used to widely distributed in China, ranging from the Lizijiang (oyster river) on the border with Korea to Beihai of Guangxi Province and even in Hainan Province. Due to the overfishing together with other anthropogenic factors such as decreased freshwater inflows and pollution from land-based sources, dramatic loss of wild Jinjiang oyster resources occurred in China in the past few decades. The situation is even worse in the Northern China and Jinjiang oyster is endangered in many rivers and estuaries.
Large-scale artificial reproduction cultivation of Jinjiang oysters was carried out by utilizing the Jinjiang oyster resources in Binzhou and Dongying of the Yellow River delta region in the summer of 2017, and a total of 10.92 million seedlings were obtained. The spats and juveniles were cultured in the origin of Jinjiang oyster until November of 2018, and fattening experiment in Rushan, the main sea area where Crassostrea gigas was raised. The success of large-scale artificial reproduction and cultivation of Jinjiang oyster Northern China sea will promote the resource protection and restoration of Jinjiang oyster, and it is also critical to the development of new varieties and to become the major aquaculture species in the Nothern China Sea. |
| Key words: Crassostrea ariakensis,artificial breeding, scale production, cultivation, oyster reef |