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| 大钦岛不同养殖年限深水网箱沉积物微生物群落结构分析 |
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解维俊1,2, 赵玉庭2, 刘元进2, 胡顺鑫2, 姜海滨2, 韩慧宗2, 王腾腾2, 王斐2, 李兆龙1,2, 张明亮2
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1.上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;2.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院, 山东 烟台 264006
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| 摘要: |
| 为研究深水网箱养殖年限对沉积物微生物群落结构的影响, 分别对大钦岛海域养殖3、8、13、18 a网箱以及非养殖区(DZ)表层沉积物(0~2 cm)进行16S rDNA高通量测序。结果显示, 长年网箱养殖(13、18 a)区域沉积物菌群的丰富度和多样性均显著高于短期网箱养殖(3、8a)区域(P < 0.05)。随着养殖年限的增加, 网箱沉积物优势菌门变化显著(P < 0.05), 短期网箱养殖(3、8 a)和非养殖区(DZ)沉积物主要优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota), 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes), 长年网箱养殖(13、18 a)沉积物主要优势菌门为拟杆菌门, 变形菌门、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)。影响网箱养殖沉积物菌群结构的主导环境因子为Hg、Cd、有机碳以及石油类。冰鲜野杂鱼的投喂可能是大钦岛长年网箱养殖区环境恶化的重要因素之一, 应推广绿色环保型配合饲料的使用, 并采用微生物(以厌氧不产氧光合细菌为主的微生态制剂)、大型生物(刺参及大型藻类)相结合的协同治理手段进行污染沉积物修复, 推进深水网箱的健康养殖和可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 深水网箱 养殖年限 沉积物 微生物群落 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20220321003 |
| 分类号:s949 |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC011404); 国家自然科学基金项目(42176159); 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-47) |
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| Analysis of the microbial community structure of deep-water net tank sediments of Daqin Island at different culture years |
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XIE Wei-jun1,2, ZHAO Yu-ting2, LIU Yuan-jin2, HU Shun-xin2, JIANG Hai-bin2, HAN Hui-zong2, WANG Teng-teng2, WANG Fei2, LI Zhao-long1,2, ZHANG Ming-liang2
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the effect of deep-water net-pen culture years on the sediment microbial community structure, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on the surface sediments (0–2 cm) of 3, 8, 13, and 18 a net-pen culture and nonculture areas (DZ) in Daqin Island waters. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of sediment flora were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the long-year net box culture (13, 18 a) than in the short-term net box culture (3, 8 a). The dominant phyla in the sediment of the net pots changed significantly with increasing years of culture (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the sediment of the short-term net pots (3, 8 a) and the nonculture zone (DZ), while the dominant phyla in the sediment of the long-term net pots (13, 18 a) were Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. The main dominant phyla in the sediments of the long-year net culture (13, 18 a) were Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Desulfobacterota. The dominant environmental factors influencing the structure of the sediment flora in the net pens were Hg, Cd, organic carbon, and petroleum. The feeding of chilled wild fish may be one of the important factors contributing to the environmental degradation of the perennial net tank culture area on Daqin Island. The use of green and environmentally friendly compound feeds should be promoted, and a combination of microorganisms (microecological agents based on anaerobic nonoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria) and macroorganisms (spiny cucumbers and macroalgae) should be incorporated for the remediation of polluted sediments to facilitate the promotion of healthy culture and sustainable development of deep-water net tanks. |
| Key words: deep-water nets cuture years sediment microbial communities |