| 摘要: |
| 准确掌握鱼类物种多样性及其资源时空分布规律是鱼类资源养护和利用的基本前提和重要基础。作者采用底拖网在蜈支洲岛毗邻海域进行年际(2020年8月和11月、2021年1月和4月)的渔业资源调查,共捕获鱼类174种,隶属2纲、12目、65科、123属,趋礁性鱼类物种数有较高的比重(35.6%)。常年种(宽条鹦天竺鲷(Ostorhiegnchus fasciatus)、准大头狗母鱼(Trachiocephalus myops)和少鳞䲢(Uranoscopus oligolepis))为主导该海域鱼类资源量季度变化的主要类群,但季节种(印度侧带小公鱼(Stolephorusindicus)、短鳄齿鱼(Champsodonsnyderi)和鹿斑仰口鲾(Secutor ruconius)等)也能在一定程度扰动由常年种鱼类主导的鱼类群落结构,从而使得群落结构呈季节性变化。除秋季外,其他3个季节的鱼类群落组成主要为幼鱼,表明毗邻海域的岛礁生境有聚集鱼类和保育幼鱼的重要作用。与该海域2019年的渔业资源调查数据比较,其鱼类组成丰富度与均匀度高度一致,鱼类群落未发生生态位交替失调现象,表明蜈支洲岛毗邻海域鱼类群落结构较为稳定且资源状况良好。本研究所获得的相关数据将有助于蜈支洲岛海洋牧场建设过程中的生态效果评估的工作开展。 |
| 关键词: 群落结构 渔业资源 拖网 蜈支洲岛 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20221017001 |
| 分类号:P717;S931 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901304);国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放研究课题基金项目(202111);海南大学科研启动基金项目(KYQD (ZR)20011);国家自然科学基金项目(41606181) |
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| Fish biodiversity and community structure characteristics of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya |
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LUO Hui-gui1, WANG Jia-yi2, XIE Zhen-yu1,2, LI Jian-long1,2, ZHANG Xiang1,2
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1.State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;2.Department of Marine Biology, School of Mlarine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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| Abstract: |
| Acquiring accurate biodiversity and biomass information on fish communities is the foundation for the conservation and utilization of fish resources. A total of 174 species of fish were caught using bottom trawling to conduct an annual survey of fishery resources in Wuzhizhou Island from August 2020 to April 2021. These fish species belong to 2 classes, 12 orders, 65 families, and 123 genera, with reef-associated species making up a high proportion (35.6%) of the total. Common species (e.g., Ostorhiegnchus fasciatus, Trachiocephalus myops, and Uranoscopus oligolepis) are the main groups that dominate the seasonal variation of fish resources, whereas seasonal species (Stolephorus indicus, Champsodon snyderi, and Secutor ruconius) can also disturb the fish community structure seasonally. Except in the autumn season, the composition of the island’s fish community consisted mainly of juveniles, indicating that the habitats of the sea adjacent to Wuzhizhou Island play an important role in the gathering of fish and conserving of juveniles. In comparison with the previous fishery resources data gathered in 2019, the richness and evenness of fish composition in the adjacent sea area were found to be highly consistent, with no evidence of alternation of ecological niches of the fish community. These results indicate that the fish community structure is relatively stable, and the resources are in good condition. The relevant data obtained in this study will contribute to assessing the ecological effect and guiding the process of marine ranch construction in Wuzhizhou Island. |
| Key words: community structure fishery resources bottom trawling Wuzhizhou Island |
