| 摘要: |
| 入侵物种互花米草对沿海滩涂的生态系统造成了严重破坏，但同时它体内又蕴藏着耐盐基因、生物质能等宝贵财富。本研究梳理分析了国内外互花米草专利，以便为互花米草防控与管理提供技术支持。互花米草技术专利主要包括监测技术、防治技术和资源化利用技术等类型。1995-2022年国内互花米草专利的申请数量呈上升趋势，专利申请总量为360件，监测、防治与资源化利用技术专利在互花米草专利中的占比分别为4%、22%、74%。互花米草监测技术专利主要利用遥感技术监测互花米草；互花米草防治技术专利包括物理、化学、生物替代和综合防治技术等，其中综合防治技术的申请与授权数量均最高；互花米草的资源化利用技术虽然专利申请数量众多，但实际获得授权的比例并不高，这一现象反映出互花米草作为一种资源的潜在价值正逐步被认识和开发，但利用价值尚低。国外对互花米草关注很少，只查询到7件互花米草专利，申请国家有美国和韩国，主要是资源化利用技术，两国专利授权率分别为25.0%和33.3%。在未来互花米草的防控管理策略中，建议重点加大对互花米草利用技术的研究与开发力度，推动其技术成果向市场化转化，对初级技术进行深化改良，使之与国家政策、重点研发项目的目标相契合，以提升其应用价值和市场前景，将互花米草从“有害草”变为“有益草”。 |
| 关键词: 互花米草 专利 监测 防治 资源化利用 |
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| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MC164) 、国家林业和草原局应急揭榜挂帅项目（202302）、国家自然科学基金项目( U1906223) |
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| Research Progress Analysis of Spartina alterniflora Based on Patentometrics |
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zhaoqianqian1, Xu hao2, Jing Hui3, Xie Baohua4, Zhang Xiaolong3, Han Guangxuan4, Zhang Guiping5
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1.Liaocheng University;2.Qingdao Marine Management Support Center;3.School of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University;4.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences;5.Shandong Xinhui Construction Group Limited Company
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| Abstract: |
| The invasive species Spartina alterniflora has caused severe damage to the ecosystems of coastal beaches, but it also contains salt tolerance genes, biomass energy, and other potentially valuable organic wealth. To provide technical support for the prevention, control, and management of S. alterniflora, this study analyzes domestic and international S. alterniflora patents. Associated S. alterniflora patents primarily include monitoring, controlling, and resource utilization technology. Domestic S. alterniflora patent applications exhibited an increasing trend from 1995 to 2022, with a total of 360 patent applications. The proportion of S. alterniflora monitoring, controlling, and resource utilization technology patents was 4%, 22%, and 74%, respectively. Monitoring technology predominantly uses remote sensing approaches to monitor S. alterniflora. Controlling technology patents for S. alterniflora include physical, chemical, biological alternatives, and integrated control technologies. Integrated control technologies had the highest number of patent applications and authorizations. Although many patent applications were submitted for S. alterniflora resource utilization technology, the actual proportion of granted patents is relatively low. This phenomenon indicates that the potential value of S. alterniflora as a resource is being increasingly recognized and developed, but its utilization value remains low. Limited attention has been paid to S. alterniflora abroad, with only seven patents found that were predominantly for resource utilization technology, including the United States and South Korea, with patent authorization rates of 25.0% and 33.3%, respectively. The study recommends that future strategies for the control and management of S. alterniflora should focus on research and development of utilization technologies, promote the commercialization of technological achievements, deepen the improvement of primary technologies to align with national policies and key research and development project goals, enhance its application value and market prospects and transform S. alterniflora from a “harmful” grass to a “beneficial” grass. |
| Key words: Spartina alternation patent monitoring controlling resource utilization |