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| 福建牡蛎成贝及幼贝对低盐胁迫耐受性分析 |
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薛海波1, 秦凯瑞2, 史博2,3, 郭团玉1, 缪雄平1, 阙华勇2,3
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1.厦门海洋职业技术学院海洋资源保护与生态治理福建省高等学校应用技术工程中心 厦门市智慧渔业重点实验室, 福建 厦门 361100;2.集美大学水产学院 农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室 福建省水产生物育种与健康养殖工程研究中心, 福建 厦门 361021;3.海水养殖生物育种全国重点实验室, 福建 厦门 361021
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)对低盐胁迫的耐受性和响应, 本研究通过设置不同盐度梯度, 系统分析了低盐胁迫对其成贝和幼贝存活、繁殖能力、血淋巴渗透压调节及鳃组织结构的影响。结果表明, 福建牡蛎对低盐胁迫的耐受性存在明显的发育阶段差异: 成贝7 d半致死盐度(LS50)为13.5, 亚致死盐度为19; 幼贝LS50为9.5, 亚致死盐度为14, 显示幼贝具有更强的低盐耐受能力。低盐环境(盐度小于14)严重抑制其受精与孵化过程, 繁殖适宜盐度为23~27。血淋巴渗透压在低盐胁迫下12 h内迅速与环境趋于一致, 表明该物种为典型的渗透压随变者。长期低盐胁迫可引起鳃组织损伤, 表现为鳃丝间距增大, 顶端细胞膨胀、纤毛脱落等结构变化。本研究明确了福建牡蛎在不同生活史阶段的低盐耐受限度与生理响应, 为其在河口及近海养殖区的健康养殖、种质资源保护及灾害防控提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 福建牡蛎 低盐胁迫 盐度耐受性 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20250929001 |
| 分类号:S968.31 |
| 基金项目:海洋资源保护与生态治理福建省高等学校应用技术工程中心开放基金课题(2025-05); 福建省高校产学合作项目(2025N5010);福建省促进海洋与渔业产业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHYF-L-2023-2); 福建省农业引导性(重点)项目(2024N0057) |
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| Low-salinity tolerance in adult and juvenile Crassostrea angulata |
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XUE Haibo1, QIN Kairui2, SHI Bo2,3, GUO Tuanyu1, MIAO Xiongping1, QUE Huayong2,3
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1.Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Applied Technology Engineering Center of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen 361100, China;2.Fisheries College, Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen 361021, China;3.State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Xiamen 361021, China
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the tolerance of Crassostrea angulata to low-salinity stress, this study systematically analyzed the effects of low-salinity stress on the survival, reproductive capacity, hemolymph osmoregulation, and gill tissue structure of adult and juvenile oysters by setting up a salinity gradient. The results indicated significant differences in the tolerance levels of C. angulata across developmental stages. For adults, the 7-day median lethal salinity (LS50) was 13.5, with a sublethal salinity threshold of 19; for juveniles, these respective values were 9.5 and 14, indicating that juveniles were more tolerant. Salinity below 14 severely inhibited fertilization and hatching; the optimal salinity range for reproduction was 23–27. The hemolymph osmotic pressure equalized with that of the environment within 12 h of stress exposure, suggesting that this species is a typical osmoconformer. Long-term low-salinity stress damaged gill tissues, which manifested as a widening of the interlamellar space, swelling of apical cells, and detachment of cilia. This study clarifies the low-salinity tolerance limits of C. angulata at different life stages and the underlying physiological response mechanisms. It provides a scientific basis for healthy aquaculture, germplasm resource protection, and disaster prevention and control in estuarine and coastal areas. |
| Key words: Crassostrea angulata low-salinity stress salinity tolerance |