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*夏季养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)大面积死亡的原因分析与应对措施*
霍达^1,2,3, 刘石林^1,2, 杨红生^1,2
1.中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071;3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

摘要:

夏季刺参大面积死亡正逐渐呈现常态化趋势，不仅造成了巨大的经济损失，同时使刺参资源严重衰退，制约了刺参产业的良性发展，其原因亟待揭示。本文从高温、低氧、低盐、硫化物、氨氮及藻类腐烂等环境因素，以及种质因素、病原因素、人为因素共四方面阐述了夏季刺参大面积死亡的原因，提出"建设工程化"、"养殖机械化"、"监测自动化"及"管理智能化"的应对理念，进而通过培育抗逆良种、调查关键指标并建立风险预警体系、构建综合养殖系统、完善应急处置方案、提高现代养殖技术等应对措施，综合应对夏季极端天气的威胁，为保证刺参健康度夏提供科学参考。

关键词: 夏季高温低氧刺参大面积死亡

DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170616001

分类号:S947

基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA11020700）；国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目（U1606404）；中国科学院重点部署项目（KFZD-SW-106）；泰山学者资助（特聘专家）。

Analysis of Causes and Corresponding Strategies for Summer Massive Mortalities of Sea Cucumbe

HUO Da^1,2,3, LIU Shi-Lin^1,2, YANG Hong-Sheng^1,2

1.CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

The frequent, massive summer mortalities of sea cucumbers have caused considerable economic losses and resulted in a serious decline in resources, which in turn has restricted the sustainable development of the industry of sea cucumber. This study analyzed the causes of the massive summer mortality of sea cucumbers considering environmental factors (including high temperature, low dissolved oxygen, low salinity, sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, and decayed algae), germplasm, pathogen, and anthropic factors. Based on that the analysis results, we proposed the concepts of "construction engineering", "farming mechanization", "monitoring automation" and "intelligent management". In addition, for ensuring the health of sea cucumber in summer, a series of corresponding strategies have to be implemented:for example, stress-resistant seed cultivation, sediment and water quality investigation, development of a comprehensive breeding system and risk pre-warning system, and improvement of an emergency plan and modern breeding technology.

Key words: summer high temperature low dissolved oxygen sea cucumber massive mortality