| 摘要: |
| 海洋中的一部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(Harmful algal bloom, HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对常见的几类藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒藻藻华状况等角度,对我国当前相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs)在我国近海最为常见,其中,麻痹性贝毒主要由有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)产生,产毒藻种常见于南海海湾、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和秦皇岛近海等,中毒事件也时有发生。常见的大田软海绵酸、扇贝毒素等腹泻性贝毒毒素多由鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)产生,我国近海贝类沾染藻毒素的现象也非常常见。近年来,随着高效液相色谱和质谱技术的发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 有毒藻 藻毒素 有害藻华 麻痹性贝毒 腹泻性贝毒 |
| DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20160726001 |
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| Toxic algae and phycotoxins in the coastal waters of China |
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Yu Rencheng and Luo Xuan
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,IOCAS
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| Abstract: |
| Rapid proliferation of toxic or noxious microalgae in the sea, which is termed as harmful algal bloom (HAB), can lead to serious impacts, such as fish kill, seafood contamination, tourism impairment and ecosystem degradation. Blooms of toxic algae are considered as a major group of HABs, leading to public health impacts due to the production of toxins. Toxic algal blooms receive increasing concern in China. Most of the toxic algal blooms in the coastal waters of China were caused by Alexandrium spp. producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) and Dinophysis spp. producing diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST). Toxic species in genus Alexandrium distribute widely along the coast of China and intensive algal blooms of A. tamarense and/or A. catenella were found in the northern part of the Yellow Sea (YS), the sea area near the Changjiang River estuary in the East China Sea (ECS), and some bays in the South China Sea (SCS). Toxic Dinophysis spp. have been observed in all the China seas, and blooms of toxic Dinophysis spp. were reported in SCS and the northern part of YS, co-occurring with other microalgae. Proliferation of the toxic Alexandrium spp. and Dinophysis result in the contamination of shellfish products, and led to poisoning incidents sometimes. With the progress of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS), more and more toxins were detected from the shellfish samples. The increasing awareness on toxic algal blooms and phycotoxins, as well as the rapid development of mariculture industry in China, require more studies on these issues. |
| Key words: harmful algal bloom toxic algae phycotoxins paralytic shellfish poisoning diarrhetic shellfish poisoning |
