| 摘要: |
| 为促使水生入侵植物的资源化利用以减少其对环境的危害，本文选取我国3种常见水生入侵植物，即水浮莲（Pistia stratiotes）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）作为研究对象，研究不同的植物化感作用方式（植物种植水抑藻、植物粗提物抑藻）对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）、梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）、铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）这3种常见水华微藻生长的抑制作用差异及其影响机理。结果表明，3种植物的种植水和粗提物均对不同微藻表现出选择性抑制作用，且种植水的抑藻效果总体强于粗提物。其中以空心莲子草种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用最强，共培养第7天藻细胞光密度OD750值下降78.19%，叶绿素a（chl a）含量下降96.61%。铜绿微囊藻在空心莲子草种植水影响下，藻细胞的呼吸速率先升高后降低，光合速率逐渐降低，超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）等抗氧化酶的活性，以及蛋白质和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，由此可知铜绿微囊藻在共培养过程中受到了明显的胁迫和伤害。而在共培养第11天，实验组的胞外藻毒素含量较对照组仅增加8.69%，差异不显著（P>0.05），说明空心莲子草种植水在有效抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的同时不会促进藻毒素的释放，具有较好的生态安全性。 |
| 关键词: 水生入侵植物 微藻 化感作用 生长抑制 抑藻机理 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20161200294 |
| 分类号:X52;Q946.8 |
| 基金项目:浙江省重点研发计划项目，2015C03018号；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目，21207036号；湖州市生态文明先行示范区科技专项重点项目，2014ZD2019号；国家社科基金特别委托项目，16@ZH005号；浙江省大学生新苗人才计划项目，2016R427022号；浙江省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目，LQ12B07001号；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目，201510347014号。 |
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| INHIBITORY EFFECT OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANTS ON COMMON ALGAE BLOOM SPECIES AND THE UNDERLYING PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS |
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WANG Sai-Jun, WU Xiang, WANG Yi-Mian, LOU Wen-Jing, LU Yu-Fang
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Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development Technology Research, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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| Abstract: |
| To utilize the resource of invasive aquatic plants and reduce their harm to the environment, three typical invasive aquatic plants (Pistia stratiotes,Eichhornia crassipes and Alternanthera philoxeroides) were chosen as the study objects to investigate the influences of their two different allelopathy ways (algae-inhibition respectively by planting water and crude extract) on the growth of three common algae bloom species (Chlorella pyrenoidosa,Cyclotella meneghiniana,Microcystis aeruginos), and the underlying physiological mechanisms of algae-inhibitory was also investigated. The experimental results indicate that both the planting water and crude extract of the three plants showed selective algae-inhibitory effect on different microalgae, and the algae-inhibitory effects of planting water were overall stronger than the crude extract. Furthermore, the A.philoxeroides planting water had the strongest inhibitory effect on M.aeruginos and the OD750of algal cells decreased by 73.09% and the content of chl a decreased by 96.61% on the 7th day of co-culture. Under the influence of A.philoxeroides planting water, the respiration rate of M.aeruginos increased firstly and then decreased. The photosynthetic rate decreased gradually, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), protein content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased firstly then decreased, which indicated that M.aeruginos was subjected to coercion and injury obviously during the entire culturing period. However, the total amount of microcystins (MCs) in the experimental group increased by only 8.69% more than that of the blank group (P <0.05) on the 11th day of co-culture. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of A.philoxeroides planting water has a high degree of ecological safety and can be adopted in practical control of algae blooms, because it can effectively inhibit the growth of M.aeruginos without increasing the release of cyanotoxins. |
| Key words: invasive aquatic plants microalgae allelopathy growth inhibition algae-inhibitory mechanism |
