引用本文:	张苗,李明梦,刘律,李忠超,苗滕,余业鑫,赵永晶,李艳,王海军,王洪铸.超富营养城市湖泊原位生态修复效果分析——以武汉南湖为例.海洋与湖沼,2021,52(6):1399-1407.

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超富营养城市湖泊原位生态修复效果分析——以武汉南湖为例
张苗^1,2, 李明梦³, 刘律³, 李忠超³, 苗滕⁴, 余业鑫^1,5, 赵永晶¹, 李艳¹, 王海军⁶, 王洪铸¹
1.中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室武汉 430072;2.中国科学院大学北京 100049;3.武汉市市政建设集团有限公司武汉 430020;4.湖北省水利水电科学研究院武汉 430070;5.华中农业大学水产学院武汉 430070;6.云南大学生态学与环境学院高原湖泊生态与治理研究院昆明 650504中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室武汉 430072

摘要:

城市湖泊普遍面临富营养化问题，许多湖泊甚至处于超富营养状态。鉴于其在供水、气候调节、景观提升等方面的重要作用，以水质提升为目标的生态修复对于恢复湖泊生态功能、提升城市景观等具有重要意义。文章以超富营养城市湖泊——武汉南湖为例，尝试通过围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态措施改善示范区水质，探究超富营养湖泊生态修复技术。于2019年8月至12月在示范区进行实验。结果表明：（1）示范区修复措施实施后，挺水植物植株高度显著增加（P<0.01），芦苇平均株高由0.7 m增加至1.2 m，香蒲的新生叶片在种植后50 d高达1.4 m，二者在种植后90 d，覆盖率均由种植时的10%上升至70%；（2）示范区内透明度由修复前的0.26 m上升至0.77 m，显著高于外湖区（0.26 m）（P<0.01）；（3）示范区内浮游藻类叶绿素a（chl a）由修复前38.90 μg/L降低至3.41 μg/L，显著低于外湖区（101.91μg/L）（P<0.01）；（4）示范区总氮（TN）由4.78 mg/L降低至2.60 mg/L，总磷（TP）由0.76 mg/L降低至0.08 mg/L，二者均略低于外湖区，但均不显著（P>0.05）。总体来看，经过一系列修复措施后，示范区内水生植被得到很好的恢复，水质条件得到一定的改善：透明度提升较多，chl a下降明显。氮、磷等营养水平虽然也有所降低，但与外湖区差异不大，可能是沉积物内源营养释放导致。研究表明，围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态修复措施虽然可在一定程度上改善富营养湖泊水质状况，但未能有效控制内源负荷，仍需采取底质改良措施以达到降低水体营养含量的目的。相关研究结果可为城市超富营养湖泊生态修复及水质提升提供一定的借鉴。

关键词: 城市湖泊超富营养生态修复水生植物恢复

DOI：10.11693/hyhz20210500116

分类号:X171.4

基金项目:国家重点研发计划,2018YFD0900805号;武汉市科技计划项目,2020020602012152号;武汉市市政建设集团有限公司科研项目,wszky202014号;生态环境部水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项,2017ZX07302号;淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题,2019FBZ01号;云南省科技厅,202001BB050078号;王海军受中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目,Y201859号。

附件

EFFECTS OF IN-SITU ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN NANHU LAKE, A HYPERTROPHIC URBAN LAKE, CHINA

ZHANG Miao^1,2, LI Ming-Meng³, LIU Lyu³, LIZhong-Chao³, MIAOTeng⁴, YU Ye-Xin^1,5, ZHAO Yong-Jing¹, LI Yan¹, WANG Hai-Jun⁶, WANG Hong-Zhu¹

1.State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Wuhan Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430020, China;4.Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China;5.College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China;6.Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China

Abstract:

Urban lakes are facing eutrophication problem, and many are in hypertrophic state at present in China. Considering their key role in water supply, climate regulation, and landscape improvement, ecological restoration to improve the local water quality is important. An in-situ ecological restoration experiment in a demonstration area of 2 400 m² in Nanhu Lake (Wuhan, China), a hypertrophic urban lake, was conducted in Aug.-Dec., 2019. The restoration measures included enclosure construction, optimization of fish community, and macrophyte re-establishment. Results show that the height of emergent macrophyte significantly increased. The average height of Phragmites australis increased from 0.7 m to 1.2 m; the new leaves of Typha orientalis reached the height of 1.4 m after 50 days of cultivation (P<0.01). The coverage of these two plants increased from 10% to 70%. Transparency of the demonstration area increased from 0.26 m to 0.77 m, which was significantly higher than the area outside (0.26 m) (P<0.01). Chlorophyll a in the demonstration area decreased from 38.90 to 3.41 μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of the outside area (101.91 μg/L) (P<0.01). Total nitrogen (TN) of the demonstration area was reduced from 4.78 to 2.60 mg/L, and total phosphorus (TP) from 0.76 to 0.08 mg/L, both of which were lower than the outside area. Overall, the macrophyte in the demonstration area has been restored, and the water quality largely improved. However, the nutrient concentrations inside and outside of the demonstration area had no significant difference, probably resulting from the nutrient release from the sediment. In addition, the ecological restoration measures including enclosure construction, optimization of fish community, and macrophyte re-establishment were effective in improving the water quality of hypertrophic lakes to some degrees, but less effective in controlling the internal nutrient loading. The control of internal nutrient release is necessary in the future works to reduce the nutrient concentrations in water column. This study provide a reference for the restoration management and water quality improvement in urban hypertrophic lakes.

Key words: urban lake hypertrophic ecological restoration macrophyte recovery