| 引用本文: | 姚昕,孙省利,张才学,廖海晴,彭宇航.硇洲岛大型海藻场软体动物群落的季节演替及其与环境因子的关系.海洋与湖沼,2022,53(5):1258-1268. |
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| 硇洲岛大型海藻场软体动物群落的季节演替及其与环境因子的关系 |
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姚昕1, 孙省利1,2, 张才学1,2, 廖海晴1, 彭宇航1
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1.广东海洋大学化学与环境学院 广东湛江 524088;2.广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心 广东湛江 524088
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| 摘要: |
| 广东湛江硇洲岛是典型的潮间带生态系统,属于热带气候,适宜底栖生物生存。底栖动物作为生态指标的一部分,可以反映出地理环境的多样性。于2011~2012年在硇洲岛潮间带五个位点进行底栖软体动物采样,以研究软体动物的季节演替变化,结果检出软体动物有4纲49科71属共104种。其中双壳纲39种,占总数的37.50%;腹足纲59种,占总数的56.73%;多板纲4种,占总数的3.85%;头足纲2种,占总数的1.92%。种类数秋季最多共61种,春季32种,夏季51种,冬季55种。各季节间共有种类数为19~33种。有8个种类为3个季节共有种,有12个种类为4个季节共有种,季节种间更替率为0.58~0.76,春秋季种间更替率最高,夏秋季种间更替率最低。优势种10种,其中1个物种为全年优势种,有2个物种为3个季节共有种。不同物种在潮间带分异明显,中潮区软体动物有58种,低潮区软体动物有44种,高潮区软体动物只有3种。调查显示各季节软体动物栖息密度变化明显,按降序排列为春季、夏季,秋季、冬季。季度Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为2.45~3.42,年均值为2.99;季度Pielou物种均匀度指数变化范围为0.53~0.66,年均值为0.58;季度Margalef物种丰富度指数变化范围为2.42~4.61,年均值为3.73; Simpson指数变化范围为0.69~0.80,年均值为0.76。调查显示各断面均受到不同程度的人为干扰,相关性分析发现栖息密度与悬浮物和总有机碳正相关(P<0.05)。优势种的转变与沿岸上升流的强弱以及养殖废水的不规则排放有关。软体动物的栖息密度与大型海藻的分布呈相反趋势,低潮区软体动物栖息密度小,与其结构和食性有关。 |
| 关键词: 软体动物 季节演替 硇洲岛 潮间带 大型海藻场 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20211200355 |
| 分类号:Q178.1;Q958.8;X171 |
| 基金项目:国家海洋公益性行业科研专项,201505027号。 |
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| RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEASONAL SUCCESSION OF MOLLUSC COMMUNITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN NAOZHOU ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA |
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YAO Xin1, SUN Xing-Li1,2, ZHANG Cai-Xue1,2, LIAO Hai-Qing1, PENG Yu-Hang1
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1.School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;2.Marine Resources and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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| Abstract: |
| Benthic molluscs were sampled at five locations in the intertidal zone of Naozhou Island in Zhanjiang,Guangdong,in South China Sea from 2011 to 2012 to study their seasonal succession.104 species of molluscs were identified including 4 classes,49 families,and 71 genera,of which 59 species were Gastropoda (56.73% of the total species),39 species of Bivalvia (37.50%),4 species of Polyplateae (3.85%),and 2 species of Cephalopods (1.92%).The number of species was up to 61 species in autumn,32 species in spring,51 species in summer,and 55 species in winter.Only 10 species were seen throughout the whole year,of which 2 species were annual dominant species,and 3 species were common in 3 seasons.There are 19~33 species in each season,8 species were common in 3 seasons,and 12 species were common in 4 seasons.The seasonal interspecific turnover rate was 0.58~0.76,the highest in spring and autumn,and the lowest in summer and autumn.They were distributed in different tidal zones:58 molluscs in the mid-tide zone,44 in the low-tide zone,and only 3 in the high-tide zone.The habitat density of molluscs varied significantly in season in a descending order of spring,summer,autumn,and winter.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 2.45~3.42 on annual average of 2.99;the Pielou species evenness index ranged 0.53~0.66 on annual average of 0.58;the Margalef species richness index ranged 2.42~4.61 on average annual value of 3.73;the range of Simpson index was 0.69~0.80,and the annual average value was 0.76.Result show that each section was subject to human disturbance in different degrees.Correlation analysis revealed that the habitat density was positively correlated with suspended solids and total organic carbon (P<0.05).The change of dominant species was related to the strength of the coastal upwelling and the disorderly discharge of aquaculture wastewater.The abundance of molluscs is inversely proportional to the biomass of large seaweeds.The low tide area of molluscs has a low habitat density,which is related to its structure and feeding habits. |
| Key words: mollusk seasonal succession Naozhou Island intertidal zone large seaweed field |
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