| 摘要: |
| 于1989年3－7月在青岛海洋大学进行“河口”原油和“东营”原油实验室模拟实验，以了解海上溢油进入海水中的分散（溶解和乳化）油的挥发降解过程。结果表明，分散油的蒸发速率除与原油本身性质有关外，还与环境温度、水体盐度和水面风速有关。水体中油含量随时间变化可表示为：C=C0e-Kvt，温度、盐度和风速增大时，均有助于分散油的挥发，其中风速变化对Kv的影响最大，而盐度变化的影响最小。 |
| 关键词: 海洋石油污染 水中油挥发 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家环保局资助项目，896701号 |
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| SIMULANT EXPERIMENTS OF CRUDE OIL PURIFICATION IN SHALLOW SEA AREA–THE EVAPORATION AND DEGRADATION PROCESS OF DISPERSED OIL |
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Wang Yongchen, Zhu Chenjian, Sun Bingyi, Shi Zhili, Yu Shengrui, Hao Enliang, Li Tie, Shi Xiaoyong
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Depariment of Chemistry, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003
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| Abstract: |
| Simulation experiments conducted with Hekou and Dongying Crude Oil during March - July 1989, to gain understanding of the evaporation and degradation processes of dispersed (including dissolved and emulsive) oil spilled in seawater showed that besides the property of the oil, the evaporation rate of dispersed oil in water is related to the environmental temperature, salinity, and wind speed on the surface of the water. The change of oil content with time can be expressed with the equation as follows:
C=C0?e-Kvt
Where Kv is evaporation and decline coefficient which is a function of temperature, salinity and wind speed:
Kv=B0 + B1?T + B2?W + B3?S
Here, the constants Bi are related to the type of oil.
The experiment showed that the evaporation rate of dispersed oil increases with increase of surrounding temperature, salinity and wind speed, and that the influence of the wind speed variation on Kv is greatest among them while the influence of salinity is the smallest.
The initial concentration of the dispersed oil in seawater with different salinities and temperatures, and piston velocity (λ) are also discussed in the paper. |
| Key words: Oil pollution in ocean, Evaporation of oil in seawater |
